推荐回答(3个)
欣赏古典诗词首先要有感悟之情。学习古典诗词,要反复朗读,熟读成诵,在反复读背的过程中,慢慢品味。对于觉得陌生的诗词要先自己理解、体味,查文学史和有关注释,再回过头来对照自己的理解对不对。有的诗词,不同的版本注释也不一样,这就要认真加以分析比较,判断哪种注释更合乎作者原意,更合情理。如唐代杜牧的诗《泊秦淮》中“商女不知亡国恨,隔江犹唱《后庭花》”。“商女”,一般注释为“歌女”,而实际上应是“商人的妇人”。“隔江”,有人注释为“秦淮河”,而历史学家陈寅恪解释为是金陵与扬州一江之隔,她是在扬州唱。意思是点歌的达官贵人让商人的妇人唱《后庭花》。这是诗人谴责达官贵人不知亡国恨,是对达官贵人辛辣的讽刺。
在审美欣赏之前,必须把诗词中的词语搞清楚。例如:苏轼的《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》一词中“故国神游,多情应笑我,早生华发”。对于“故国神游”,有不同的解释,有人说是周瑜神游故国,有人说苏轼在湖北黄冈也可以神游他的家乡四川。联系全词内容,这里是诗人想像当年周瑜破曹的情景。“故国”,旧国,这里指旧地。有人这样断句:“多情应笑,我早生华发”,前后语意不连贯。应断在“我”后,这样才能表现词人面对边疆危机的加深,目睹大宋朝廷的委靡慵懦,渴望有像周瑜那样称雄一时的杰出人物,来扭转这很不景气现状的心情。读诗词,要逐字、逐词、逐句地抠,把内容弄懂了,才谈得上欣赏。
欣赏诗词,不能用数学家的思维方法。唐代诗人杜牧《江南春》:“千里莺啼绿映红,水村山郭酒旗风。南朝四百八十寺,多少楼台烟雨中。”四句诗既写出了江南春景的丰富多彩,也写出了它的广阔、深邃和迷离。明代杨慎说:“千里莺啼,谁人听得?千里绿映红,谁人见得?若作十里,则莺啼绿红之景,村郭、楼台、僧寺、酒旗,皆在其中矣。”对此,何文焕在《历代诗话考索》中曾驳斥道:“即作十里,亦未必尽听得着,看得见。题云《江南春》,江南方广千里,千里之中,莺啼而绿映着,水村山郭无处无酒旗,四百八十寺楼台多在烟雨中也。此诗之意既广,不得专指一处,故总而命曰《江南春》……”同样,“四百八十寺”是唐人强调数量之多的一种说法,即说明建筑宏伟的佛寺非只一处。
欣赏诗词,也不能穿凿附会,刻意求深。唐代诗人韦应物《滁州西涧》:“独怜幽草涧边生,上有黄鹂深树鸣。春潮带雨晚来急,野渡无人舟自横。”这首诗写诗人春游西涧赏景和晚雨野渡所见。诗人是以情写景,借景述意。但诗中有无寄托,寄托何意,历来争论不休。有人认为它通首比兴,是刺“君子在下,小人在上”;有人认为“此偶赋西涧之景,不必有所托意”,实则各有偏颇。在中唐前期,韦应物是个洁身自好的诗人,也是关心民间痛苦的好官。在仕途生涯中,他常处于进仕退隐的矛盾之中,这首诗就是抒发他矛盾无奈的处境和心情。思欲归隐,故独怜幽草,无所作为,恰同水急舟横。诗中表露出恬淡的胸襟和忧伤的情怀。
在欣赏诗歌时,不要过分叫真。因为诗歌往往不是确指。有些诗词很美,至于什么意思,让诗人自己走出来解释也说不清楚。我们大体了解就可以了。
学习诗歌,要了解一些诗歌规律,来体会古代诗歌独特的艺术手法。如,唐代诗人贾岛的诗《寻隐者不遇》:“松下问童子,言师采药去。只在此山中,云深不知处。”这首诗的特点是寓问于答。三问三答应该是:你的师傅哪里去了?答:师傅采药去了;到哪里采药去了?答:到山里采药去了;究竟在山前、山后、山顶、山脚哪个地方?答:茫茫白云,捉摸无从。三番答问,逐层深入,表达感情起伏跌宕,情深意切。这就表现了诗人对以采药为生、济世救人的隐者钦慕而不遇的怅惘之情。
在欣赏诗歌时,将自己的鉴赏与别人的鉴赏进行比较,也是一种好的方法。要多读一些古诗词鉴赏类书,提高自己的欣赏水平。同学们可以根据自己的兴趣爱好阅读并加以比较。千万记住,欣赏是一种再创造,不要满足于别人的欣赏文章
首先,可以通过诗词所抒意境来赏析。所谓“境”可理解为情景,即诗中所绘景色及所诉之事;所谓“意”则是诗人通过景色描写所要抒发的情感和所要表达的心意。你可以抓住诗中所描写的景物及其色调来分析诗人所要表达的感情。
其次,就是从表现手法上面分析。分析一下诗中所绘情与景的关系,看看是借景抒情呢(或称托物言志),还是融情于景呢,亦或是情景交融?其中还分为以乐景衬哀情,即反衬。哀景衬哀情为正衬~
过去太久了,就记得这些了,希望能帮到你!
先从用词上评析一下,然后再结合语境,例如诗人的年代,身份,所处环境,进行评析就是了
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