以南朝西洲曲和北朝木兰诗为例谈谈南北朝诗歌的不同风格
文化背景、政治环境、民族性格气质、生活习俗、地理因素
推荐回答(4个)
南北朝民歌之比较:以《西洲曲》和《木兰诗》为例
魏晋南北朝时期,是我国民歌空前繁荣的时期,出现了大量反映当时社会生活各个层面的诗歌。由于地理风情的不同,南北方的民歌又有各自的特点。我讲以南方民歌《西洲曲》和北方民歌《木兰诗》为例从以下几个方面来谈谈南北民歌的差异。
首先,从体裁,内容方面来看。南方民歌大都是情歌,写男女之间的情事。南方民歌的代表《西洲曲》,写得就是一位女子思念自己深爱的人,从春天,到夏天,秋天,冬天,她爱的人却一直为出现,而她只能祈求“南风”,到明年的春天,能够与远方的他相会。全诗都是在写女主人公对她喜欢的人的思念。北方民歌内容比南方民歌更为宽泛,涉及生活中的很多的部分,例如战争,羁旅等等方面的内容。例如《木兰诗》写的就是一个代父从军的感人故事。民歌中的女主人公,因为自己的父亲没有儿子,且父亲有年老,作为女儿的木兰,义不容辞地女扮男装,替父出征。最后荣归故里。
其次,从风格上看。南方民歌表现的多为哀婉,缠绵的格调;北方民歌则为刚健豪放,洒脱。《西洲曲》主要的格调就是充满忧郁的思念。诗的语言,也是华丽,婉转,常用双关的表现手法。如“折梅”,谐音为“择媒”,暗示着婚姻,表达思想间接,多为含蓄。《木兰诗》,语言质朴无华,简洁明快。诗中“问女何所思?问女何所忆?女亦无所思,女亦无所忆。昨夜见军帖,可汗大点兵,军书十二卷,卷卷有爷名。阿爷无大儿,木兰无长兄,愿为市鞍马,从此替爷征”。这段我们可以看出,北方民歌直接明了。另外,内容写得是战争,更为豪放,开阔。
最后,从艺术形式上看。南方民歌常用双关,谐音等等艺术手法来表达感情,而北方民歌则质朴无华,参杂口语。《西洲曲》中“莲子”是“怜子”的谐音,一语双关;还有像“飞鸿”则代表书信。《木兰诗》则很直白。另外南方民歌五言四句,北方民歌多为七言或者是杂言。
1、南朝诗歌多写爱情,北朝民歌多描写北疆的风景和战争。这从内容上可以看出来
2、南朝民歌因为多写爱情,故而风格细腻,柔婉,如西洲曲中的柔美的句子,江南可采莲,莲叶何田田!而北朝民歌则显得粗犷而又豪放,如朔气传金柝等等。
3、艺术手法不同。前者比喻、顶针等手法,以及叠韵等显得音乐美,而北朝民歌则呈现一种大气豪放的特点。
南朝西洲曲从内容上看,是以男女之间爱情为歌咏对象,清新婉约,带有江南乡镇青年男女生活气息,展现南方人民阴柔的气质;而北朝民歌木兰诗,讲述木兰代父从军的故事,更具有现实主义风格,木兰淳朴,有着男子一样的气概,正是北方少数民族典型的风范,善骑射,男女观念不如南方那样保守,北朝诗歌并不把目光局限在爱情话题上,而是放得更宽,这是因为北方的环境造就了北朝民歌粗犷豪放的风格,而江南山水造就了江南儿女清新淡雅,温柔婉约的风格;从手法上看。木兰诗多用互文和顶真,气势磅礴,展现北方民族尚武粗犷的民族风格,也反映了北方民族开放的生活习惯和男女观念,比如杨大眼之妻,也会骑射,生活比较自由;而南朝西洲曲,多用隐语双关,婉约清新,并且为我们展现南方独有的江南儿女情怀。
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