用浓硫酸脱水法制醚反应机理?

2025-03-15 14:03:14
推荐回答(4个)
回答(1):

用浓硫酸脱水法制醚反应机理:
醇的分子间脱水成醚的反应属于取代反应,在这个反应中,浓硫酸是起催化作用和脱水作用。
醇在浓硫酸作用且加热条件下,醇分子间发生脱水生成醚.CH3CH2-O-CH2CH3).用浓硫酸与分子式分别为C2H6O和C3H8O的醇的混合液反应,可以得到醚的种类有6种:C2H6O醇结构为①CH3CH2OH;C3H8O的醇结构简式为②CH3CH2CH2OH,③CH3CH(CH3)OH,在140℃,乙醇会发生分子间脱水,分子间脱水的组合为①①,②②,③③,①②,①③,②③。

回答(2):

用浓硫酸脱水法制醚,至于是SN1机理,还是SN2机理,要看具体醇的结构。
醇首先和浓硫酸电离出的氢离子进行质子化,然后未质子化的羟基,去进攻质子化的醇,水分子离去,形成醚。伯醇应该以该机理为主,为SN2反应机理。也有可能质子化的羟基离去,形成碳正离子,然后醇羟基和碳正离子结合,形成醚,叔醇应该是以该机理为主,为SN1反应机理。

回答(3):

1.将乙醇与浓硫酸混合物加热到140‘c时可发生分子间脱水生成产物乙醚 浓硫酸在这里作脱水剂\催化剂。但要将反应温度保胆在140’c才能保证副反应被抑制到最小 如果反应温度上升到170‘c左右 则此副反应的生成为乙烯 此法制乙醚一般会有大量乙醇杂质 可以与水充分混合后再用分液漏斗进行分液来除去
2.方程式 2CH3-CH2-OH—- -(浓H2SO4/140'C)- - -—CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3

回答(4):

反应机理见图,其中R表示任何烷基。

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