水稻播种前要准备哪些

2025-02-27 08:19:28
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

1、苗床地选择
水稻苗床地应选择背风向阳、地势稍高、水源方便、上年没打过莠去津等长残留除草剂的。要提前5-7天扣棚,加速土壤化冻速度,提高地温,大中棚育苗一般在3月末至4月初扣完大棚,苗床增温,有利于适时早育苗。
2、晒种
水稻浸种前要选择晴天晒种2-3天,通过晒种可以增肌种皮的透性,提高酶的活性,同时,还可以杀死种子表面的病原菌,而且晒过的种子干燥均匀,吸水速度一致,发芽整齐。
3、浸种消毒
水稻浸种时间和水温的高低有关,如果水温30℃,浸种需要3天左右,如果水温20℃,浸种需要5天左右,一般浸种温度15度为宜,浸种7天,总之浸种的水温累计达到100℃就可以。浸种标准:看颖壳透明了,谷粒断面中间没有白心,种子胚乳和胚界限分明,用指甲一掐能掐动,用牙咬一咬就咬扁了,没有清脆声就是泡好了。水稻恶苗病也叫公稻子,在吉林省普遍发生,是由种子带菌引起的,农户要提前预防,可用咪酰胺浸种消毒或用绿龙神、亮盾包衣后再用清水浸种。提醒农户浸种消毒药剂用量不能过大,如果是药量大了,水稻发芽缓慢,或是出芽很慢,药剂浸种时应每天把种子上下翻动一次,否则上面和下面的药量不均匀,也会影响防治恶苗病的效果。
4、催芽
有的农户会问稻种不催芽直接下地行不行?建议农户最好催芽播种,一般催芽与没催芽的,出苗时间会相差3-4天,如果遇到低温的年份表现会更加明显,催芽不仅出苗齐,还能缩短出苗时间,催芽时可以把浸好的种子倒到60度水中搅伴后,水温调整到30度,浸泡3—5小时预热,捞出后直接催芽,特别是机械插秧,种芽露出1毫米,出芽占80%,不能继续催芽,应及时拿到冷凉的地方,摊开10厘米左右降温,适时播种,农户最好不要在炕上催芽,避免抗热时不及时翻动,烫坏种子, 不要用塑料薄膜包裹种子催芽,以免缺氧使种子变酸、酒糟味。
5、营养土配置
苗床土配置要选择土壤肥沃、有机质含量高、质地疏松、无盐碱、无病虫害,没有打过农药的山皮土、田园土、池埂土等,床土应加入适量草炭土,水稻育苗土一般放普通土6-7份,草炭3-4份,如果没有草炭土,也可以放腐熟的农家肥,一般占20%左右,可以起到提高土壤通透性的作用。
6、播种时间
水稻育苗要求连续5天日平均气温达到5度以上才可以播种,播种时间不要过早,吉林省水稻育苗时间大约在4月10号-20号,高峰期在10-15号左右。提醒农户水稻育苗不是越早越好,播种过早立枯病发生重,秧龄过长,错过适插期,壮苗变成弱老苗,不利于机插秧;育苗过晚,秧龄短,育不出壮秧,水稻产量低。

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