推荐回答(2个)
孟子 孟子(约公元前372~公元前289),战国时期伟大的思想家,儒家的主要代表之一。名轲,邹(今山东邹县)人。约生于周烈王四年,约卒于周赧王二十六年。相传孟子是鲁国贵族孟孙氏的后裔,幼年丧父,家庭贫困,曾受业于子思的学生。学成以后,以士的身份游说诸侯,企图推行自己的政治主张,到过梁(魏)国、齐国、宋国、滕国、鲁国。当时几个大国都致力于富国强兵,争取通过暴力的手段实现统一。孟子的仁政学说被认为是“迂远而阔于事情”,没有得到实行的机会。最后退居讲学,和他的学生一起,“序《诗》、《书》,述仲尼之意,作《孟子》七篇”。 在孟子生活的时代,百家争鸣,“杨朱、墨翟之言盈天下”。孟子站在儒家立场加以激烈抨击。孟子继承和发展了孔子的思想,提出一套完整的思想体系,对后世产生了极大的影响,被尊奉为仅次于孔子的“亚圣”。 孟子继承和发展了孔子的德治思想,发展为仁政学说,成为其政治思想的核心。他把“亲亲”、“长长”的原则运用于政治,以缓和阶级矛盾,维护封建统治阶级的长远利益。 孟子把伦理和政治紧密结合起来,强调道德修养是搞好政治的根本。他说:“天下之本在国,国之本在家,家之本在身。”后来《大学》提出的“修齐治平”就是根据孟子的这种思想发展而来的。 孟子哲学思想的最高范畴是天。孟子继承了孔子的天命思想,剔除了其中残留的人格神的含义,把天想象成为具有道德属性的精神实体。他说:“诚者,天之道也。”孟子把诚这个道德概念规定为天的本质属性,认为天是人性固有的道德观念的本原。孟子的思想体系,包括他的政治思想和伦理思想,都是以天这个范畴为基石的。 孟子目录 卷一 梁惠王上 卷二 梁惠王下 卷三 公孙丑上 卷四 公孙丑下 卷五 滕文公上 卷六 滕文公下 卷七 离娄上 卷八 离娄下 卷九 万章上 卷十 万章下 卷十一 告子上 卷十二 告子下 卷十三 尽心上 卷十四 尽心下
孟子(约公元前372年—约公元前289年),名轲,字子舆,华夏族,邹(今山东邹城市)人。
孟子是战国时期伟大的思想家、教育家,儒家学派的代表人物。与孔子并称“孔孟”。代表作有《鱼我所欲也》、《得道多助,失道寡助》和《生于忧患,死于安乐》,《寡人之于国也》编入高中语文教科书中。
后世追封孟子为“亚圣公”,尊称为“亚圣”,其弟子及再传弟子将孟子的言行记录成《孟子》一书,属语录体散文集,是孟子的言论汇编,由孟子及其弟子共同编写完成,倡导“以仁为本”。
望采纳,谢谢
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