硫单质的化学性质

2025-04-06 21:58:23
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

●化学性质:单质S的化合价为0,不是最高价+6,也不是最低价-2,处于中间价态,所以,单质硫既有氧化性又有还原性。
①与多数金属在加热条件下反应,生成—2价硫化物,表现为氧化性Cu2S、FeS都是金属的低价硫化物,硫单质氧化性弱,只能将金属氧化到较低价态低价态。CuS是通过其它方法制得的
S+2Na=Na2S(白色)加热 氧化性
S+Fe=FeS (黑色)加热
S+2Cu=Cu2S (黑色) 加热
②与非金属反应 点燃或加热得条件下
S+O2=SO2 点燃 还原性
S+H2=H2S 加热 氧化性
③既表现氧化性,又表现出还原性。在加热条件下,硫能与强碱溶液发生反应。根据这个反应原理,可用NaOH溶液在加热条件下将残留在玻璃仪器内壁的硫除去
热:6NaOH+3S=△=2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O
其中当硫较多时:Na2S+S=△=Na2S2
Na2S+2S=△=Na2S3(更多)
Na2S+3S=△=Na2S4(更更多)
Na2S+4S=△=Na2S5(过量)
而:Na2SO3+S=△=Na2S2O3(硫代硫酸钠) 其溶液会因为Na2Sx,x不断增大溶液由黄变成橙红
S还可与浓硫酸及浓硝酸在加热条件下反应:
S+2H2SO4(浓)=△=3SO2↑+2H2O
6HNO3(浓)+S =△=6NO2↑+H2SO4+2H2O
4HNO3(稀)+S===3SO2↑+2H2O+4NO↑

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