推荐回答（1个）
因为温暖的赤道水流和较高的气温形成一道天然屏障，阻隔了企鹅跨越赤道北上。
说起企鹅，我们的脑海里马上会浮现南极大陆上一群走路摇摇摆摆，憨头憨脑的家伙。
是的，只有南极地区才有企鹅，才有这种擅长游泳、捕鱼，不会飞翔的鸟。
可是，你知道吗？北极大陆也曾经生活着大量企鹅，也曾是北极企鹅的快乐家园。
让时光倒流，我们前往1000年前的纽芬兰看一看吧！只见那里到处都是北极企鹅，这些穿着黑礼服，裹着白肚兜的大鸟或是在水中捕鱼了，或是在岸边悠闲啄羽，非常逍遥自在。
可是到了16世纪，当大航海时代到来，探险家们跨越大洋，来到北极企鹅生活的纽芬兰外海群岛的时候，这些“大海雀”（探险家们最开始管北极企鹅叫“大海雀”）的灾难开始了。
法国探险家雅克·卡蒂埃在1543年的日记里曾写下这样的话：“这些大海雀太肥了，简直是妙极了。不到半个小时，我们捕到的这种鸟就装满了两艘小船，它们几乎像石头一样一动不动了。除了直接吃它们的鲜肉，我们每艘船上还用盐腌了五六桶这种鸟。”
千百年来与人类和平共处的北极企鹅，遭遇了突如其来的大屠杀。
不久，打着“文明开化”的幌子侵占纽芬兰土著人家园的探险家们发现，北极企鹅又轻又暖的习习毛还可以做成羽绒枕头和床垫，甚至是时髦的女帽，于是更加大肆捕杀起来。他们用石头建成围栏，把北极企鹅们成群赶进去杀死，在滚水锅里烫掉羽毛。
但是，没有一个物种是轻易灭绝的，北极企鹅仍有种群延续的希望，因为大西洋对面还有一处避难所——冰岛西南端的一个小岛。几百年来，冰岛的民间传说也让人们不敢涉足此地，幸存的北极企鹅在这里得到了喘息的机会。不幸的是，1830年3月，海岛附近的一座海底火山突然爆发，北极企鹅的避难所随之消失在巨浪中。不过，即便这样，还是大约有40对北极企鹅逃过了这场劫难，它们在一个环境恶劣的小岛——埃尔德岛上，顽强地生存下来。
来源：军事文摘·科学少年
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