你所述的问题属于英语语法中的非谓语动词语法现象,要搞懂这个问题,应该自己多看看语法书,将其分清。
所谓非谓语动词就是不能做动词使用的词,一般非谓语动词分为三类:-ing, -ed, to do.
-ing: 这表示主动,表现在。例:Finishing the homework, I go to play with my friends.这里用-ing 是因为表主动,主语是I, 是I发出来的动作finish.所以用-ing.
-to do: 表主动,将来。例:To finish this homework, I need more time.这里用-to do 是因为表主动,主语是I, 是I发出来的动作finish.但不同之处是,这也表将来,要完成作业需要更多的时间,所以用-to do.
-ed 是表被动,过去。例:Given more time, I finished the homework.
同时-ing也可以解释为动名词,放在句首做主语。例:Seeing is believing. 眼见为实
也可说成 To see is to believe. 这是英语中的对称结构。
DO 动词原形应该用于祈使句。例:Open the door, please!
用ing形式、用to+ 动词原形开头都是充当句子主语。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实 = To see is to believe.
用动词原形开头,为祈使句。
Help me with my English, please.
区别在:
表示泛指意义的行为时,多用动名词(也可用动词不定时)作主语;
但表示具体的行为(特别是将来的行为)时,必须用动词不定时作主语。如;
Seeing is believing . 眼见为实.
To see is to beilieve . 眼见为实.
To refuse him is not easy this time.这次很难拒绝他。
不能说;refuseing him is not easy this time.
动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性动作。
Doing exercise can help you keep healthy.
不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作。
To be an actor is his dream.
to do作主语时,通常用it作形式主语,把不定式放在后面.
It's difficult to be an actor.
to带有目的性