推荐回答（1个）
瓷砖生产所需的原材料大多是金属氧化物。多年来，三种金属氧化物是瓷砖生产最重要的三种氧化物：粘土、粉状石英 和长石。瓷砖行业把这三种主要的原料称作“传统瓷砖的主体”。
粘土
粘土是水合铝矽酸盐，它是长石岩风化作用的最终产物。最重要的粘土矿是高岭石，它是由三氧化二铝、两个二氧化硅分子和两个水分子组成的混合物。粘土使陶瓷颇具可塑性，这样就可以在加热前把它制成理想的形状。
粉状石英
粉状石英是二氧化硅的一种，它一般从石英岩、砂子或岩石中提取。人们把它研磨成非常细的粉末，作为一种填料添加到瓷砖中使粘土合最终产品具有理想的性能。
长石
长石是碱性铝矽酸盐的一个广义的属名，例如：含有碱金属钾（氧化钾-三氧化二铝-氧化硅）的长石被称为“钾长石”，而含有钠（氧化钠-三氧化二铝-氧化硅）的长石被称为“钠长石”，然而大多数的长石都是由这两种类型混合而成。在瓷砖生产中，长石主要起“助熔剂”的作用。在热处理过程中，助熔剂在较低的温度下就开始融化，因此它就像粘结元素一样为陶瓷主体增加了强度。
在陶瓷工业生产中，还使用大量其他的天然矿物和一些人工合成的化工原料，其中比较重要的原料及其分子式如下所示：
原材料表
天然矿物的化学组成 人工合成化工原料的化学组成
粘土 (三氧化二铝-两个二氧化硅-两个水分子) 矾土 (三氧化二铝)
长石 （氧化钾或氧化钠-三氧化二铝-六个二氧化硅分子） 密陀僧 (一氧化铅)
粉状石英 (二氧化硅) 氧化锌 (氧化锌)
白垩粉 (碳酸钙) 氧化锡 (氧化锡)
菱镁矿 (碳酸镁) 钛酸钡 (氧化钡-氧化钛)
滑石 (三个氧化镁-四个二氧化硅-水分子) 锆酸铅 (氧化铅- 氧化锆)
霞石正长岩 (氧化钾-三个氧化纳-四个三氧化二铝-九个二氧化硅+长石) 氧化铁 (三氧化二铁)
锆石 (二氧化锆-二氧化硅) 碳化硅 (碳化硅)
无水硼砂 (氧化纳-氧化硼-十个水分子) 碳化钡 (碳化钡)
叶蜡石 (三氧化二铝-四个二氧化硅-水分子) 氮化硼 ( 氮化硼)
锂辉石 (三氧化二锂-三氧化二铝-六个二氧化硅) 氧化钴 (氧化钴)
绿柱石 (氧化铍-三氧化二铝-六个二氧化硅）
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