推荐回答(3个)
(一)静力触探法估算单桩承载力
静力触探试验中的探头与土的相互作用,相似于桩与土的相互作用,因此可以用静力触探试验测得的比贯入阻力(单桥)或双桥探头中的锥尖阻力与侧壁摩阻力估算单桩承载力。但不能直接以静力触探中端阻与摩阻作为实际单桩的端阻力和摩阻力,而必须经过修正,这是因为静力触探的工作性能与实际单桩的工作性能有所不同。
(1)根据单桥探头静力触探资料确定混凝土预制单桩竖向极限承载力标准值时,如无当地经验可按下式计算:
Quk= Qsk+Qpk=u∑qsik·li+α·psk·Ap
式中:Quk——单桩竖向极限承载力标准值;
Qsk——单桩总极限侧阻力标准值;
Qpk——单桩总极限端阻力标准值;
u——桩身周长;
qsik——用静力触探比贯入阻力值估算的桩周第i层土的极限侧阻力标准值;
li——桩穿越第i层土的厚度;
α——桩端阻力修正系数;
psk——桩端附近的静力触探比贯入阻力标准值(平均值);
Ap——桩端面积。
(2) 根据双桥探头静力触探资料确定混凝土预制桩单桩竖向极限承载力标准值时,对于粘性土、粉土和砂土、如无当地经验时可按下式计算:
Quk=u∑liβifsi+αqcAp
式中:fsi——第i层土的探头平均侧阻力;
qc——桩端平面上、下探头阻力,取桩端平面以上4d(d为桩的直径或边长)范围内按土层厚度的探头阻力加权平均值,然后再和桩端平面以下1d范围内的探头阻力进行平均;
α——桩端阻力修正系数,对粘性土、粉土取2/3,饱和砂土取1/2;
βi——第i层土桩侧阻力综合修正系数。
(二)土的物理指标法确定单桩承载力 根据土的物理指标与承载力参数之间的经验关系确定单桩竖向极限承载力标准值时,宜按下式计算:
Quk=Qsk+Qpk=u∑qsikli+qpkAp
式中:qsik——桩侧第i层土的极限侧阻力标准值,如无当地经验值时,可查规范。
qpk——极限端阻力标准值,如无当地经验值时,可查表
三、群桩承载力与群桩沉降验算
当桩中心距小于或等于6倍桩径且桩数超过9根(含9根)时,可将桩和土作为假想的实体基础,此时桩台、桩和桩间土形成一个整体,在上部荷载作用下一起下沉,这便是群桩作用。验算这类桩基的承载力与沉降时,按实体基础考虑。
(一)群桩承载力验算 群桩承载力验算是指验算实体基础底面(桩端平面处)的地基承载力是否满足。常用方法之一是假定荷载从最外一圈的桩顶,以φ0/4的倾角向下扩散传布(φ0为桩长范围内各土层的平均内摩擦角),此时应满足: 中心荷载时, 偏心荷载时,
(二)群桩沉降验算 群桩沉降验算时,同样将群桩作为实体基础,所计算的桩基变形值应满足建筑物桩基变形允许值的规定,建筑物桩基变形允许值如无当地经验时可查表中的规定采用,对于表中未包括的建筑物桩基变形允许值,可根据上部结构对桩基变形的适应能力和使用上的要求确定。 实体基础的底面尺寸可按φ0/4扩散后的范围取值,亦可按桩端处群桩所占的范围取值,两种取法的计算结果略有差别。 群桩的沉降计算可按浅基础的沉降计算步骤进行,亦即前面介绍的沉降计算方法。也可按等效作用分层总和法计算。
试验取得极限承载力数据,或者用经验系数法取得,再除以2,即为单桩承载力特征值。
方案设计时直接估算,见《建筑地基基础设计规范》P27。
桩基础计算参考规范《建筑桩基技术规范》,主要内容包括桩顶作用效应计算、桩基竖向承载力计算、考虑软弱下卧层和负摩阻力的竖向承载力验算、桩基水平承载力与位移计算。

管桩基础承载力计算
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