推荐回答(2个)
图1所示是一个多路负反馈二阶有源带通滤波器 ,它使用单个通用运算放大器(通用运放)接成单电源供电模式,易于实现。它的上限截止频率和下限截止频率可以非常近,具有非常很强的频率选择性。令C1=C2=C,Req是R1和R2并联的值。品质因数Q等于中心频率除以带宽,Q = fC/BW。由式可以看出可以通过让R3的值远大于Req来获得大的Q值
Q值越大,频率选择性越好,带宽越小。反之则反。令中心频率为fc,则计算公式如下:
其中
关于本有源带通滤波器电路的详细论述及PSPICE仿真结果请访问:
有源带通滤波器

中心频率可调的高线性度带通滤波器设计
0 引言
常见的片内滤波器的设计带宽都上兆赫兹,而几十千赫兹带宽的滤波器大多采用片外无源器件来实现。原因是低频滤波器的时间常数巨大,在芯片内占据大量的芯片面积。
在片内实现巨大时间常数的通常办法是采取大电阻小电容结合方式。因为大电阻可利用开关电容技术来实现。以前采用开关电容技术实现的滤波器有两个明显缺陷:其一是开关电容在信号通路中会引入大量噪声,从而直接导致滤波器的线性度不高;其二是开关电容的时钟频率必须和后续的ADC频率严格一致,否则会导致丢码。
本文仍采用开关电容技术,但不放在信号通路中,而是将其放到控制电路中。其主通路中的电阻采用R-MOS结构,阻值可由控制电路精确调节。这样既利用了开关电容可精确实现大电阻的功能,也消除了前面提到的2个缺陷,故可实现连续时间滤波器较高的线性度。
1 滤波器结构
该滤波器的整体结构如图l所示。图中,,整体结构共3级,每一级为High-Q Opamp-R-C的二阶带通滤波器,通过级联形成一个6阶的Chebvshev I型滤波器。滤波器的整体传递函数如下:
为了降低电路的复杂度。图l中的所有电阻均采用同一阻值,这样,整个滤波器只需要一个控
由于该电阻的值随PVT的变化很大,因此,为了使滤波器的频响特性不受PVT变化的影响,则要求电阻值不随PVT变化。为此,需要讨论如何保证电阻值不随PVT改变而改变。
2 精确电阻处理
精确电阻由控制电路部分实现,其控制电路结构如图2所示。其中开关S1和S2可由两相不交叠时钟φ1和φ2分别控制,以对电容进行周期性充放电,从而使等效电阻;MOS管M工作在线性区,其电阻如下:
通过RM和R可得到Ri的值。当Ri>Req,积分器呈正积分特性,运放的输出电压增大,VGS变大,RM变小,Ri变小。
图2中R的作用是降低MOS管漏端的电压,让MOS管工作在线性区,以提高电阻RM的线性度。
图l中的电阻Ri和图2中的电阻Ri相同,它们都由控制信号VCtrl控制。图1中的时间常数如下:
其中,T是时钟周期,Ci为积分电容,C为等效电阻电容。为了提高电容匹配度,C和Ci应采用同一单位电容组合,这样,式(3)可变为:
图4所示为滤波器的线性度测试结果,它的输入为间隔10 kHz的两个带内单频点信号,信号幅度为500 mVpp,输出用示波器检测。线性度测试结果为43 dB,可见,这种设计方案具有很高的线性度。
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