推荐回答（1个）
1、 数控机床机械结构故障诊断与维修
进给运动系统（滚珠丝杠螺母副）的故障通常由滚珠丝杠副润滑不良和滚珠丝杠副噪声组成。检查滚珠丝杠副的润滑不良要看分油器是否分油？油管是否油堵塞？。检查滚珠丝杠副噪声通常要检查滚珠丝杠润滑是否良好？滚珠是否油破损？伺服电机与丝杠（或通过伺服电机的减速机与丝杠）的联轴器是否连接松动？
2、液压与气动系统故障
如果液压泵有异常噪声或压力下降，需要检查：是否油量不足，滤油器露出油面？吸油管是否吸入空气？回油管是否高出油面，空气进入油池？滤油器是否堵塞？是否液压泵转速过高或液压泵装反？液压泵与电动机联接是否同轴度差？轴承和轴是否损坏？泵与其它机械是否产生了共振？
如果液压泵发热、油温过高，按下列项次进行检查：液压泵工作压力是否超载？油箱油量是否不足？压力是否过高？
3、数控机床出现伺服超差
该故障在不同的数控系统中报警内容不一样，但意思一样，即机床的实际进给值与指令值之差超过限定的允许值。在西门子840D数控系统等中，往往报警：轮廓误差出借。在西班牙FAGOR系统中，会报警：跟随误差出界。出现这类故障的原因一般是：直线轴的滚珠丝杠背冒松动；直线轴的导轨润滑不良，阻力加大；控制该直线轴的数控系统的比例或积分时间参数调整不到位；电动机轴与传动机械间是否配合良好，是否有松动或间隙存在。
4、 不用手持单元时，机床的直线轴偷偷移动
遇到这类故障，一般是手持单元的0V线虚接所致
5、 电柜内的数控系统出现异常报警
遇到这类故障，首先要检查系统内的粉尘是否大？如果粉尘大，马上停电后进行保洁后，再观察。很多情况下故障会消失。粉尘是数控系统的大敌，粉尘会缩短系统50%以上的寿命。
6、 飞车现象
一般出现飞车现象，需要检查如下的内容：1)
位置传感器或速度传感器的信号反相，或者是电枢线接反了，即整个系统不是负反馈而变成正反馈了 2)
速度指令给的不正确 3) 位置传感器或速度传感器的反馈信号没有接或者是有接线断开 4)
CNC控制系统或伺服控制板有故障电源板有故障而引起的逻辑混乱。
7、零件加工表面粗糙
检查切削条件是否合理，刀尖是否损坏？检查机械传动是否间隙过大？检查机床的振动状况如机床水平状态、地基、主轴旋转时有否振动？
如果是磨床磨削的工件表面有横振纹，一般首先检查砂轮主轴的径向跳动是否超出了技术要求的数值？如果是磨床磨削的工件表面有螺旋纹，则要从主轴转速是否平稳、进给轴是否爬行、支撑工件的顶尖装夹是否良好等检查。
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