推荐回答(3个)
主要是木兰女扮男装,代父从军,征战疆场一十二年,屡建功勋,无人发现她是女子.唐代追封为"孝烈将军",设祠纪念.《木兰诗》选自宋朝郭茂倩编的《乐府诗集》,是一首北朝乐府民歌.
我个人感觉没有爱国的句子,因为她是被逼无奈替父从军,阿爷无大儿,木兰无长兄。回来后皇帝册封,木兰不用尚书郎,愿驰千里足,送儿还故乡
是爱国,就像现在退伍军人经常说的口号,若有战,召必回。在国家发生生死存亡的时刻,国家在需要你的回归,而木兰诗是基于这样的大前提环境而延伸出来替父从军的忠孝故事,这样子都不算爱国还算什么。
备课时看见课本上阅读提示中有这么一句“表现了古代劳动人们乐观勇敢的爱国精神”,突然觉得不对劲。“爱国精神”?爱国精神从何而来?越想越不对劲,于是便提出来与她们讨论,讨论更坚定了我的想法:诗歌中根本就没表现爱国精神。理由如下:
先读木兰从军的缘由这一部分。木兰一出场便以一反常态的叹息吸引了我们的目光,引起了我们的思索;也表现了木兰姑娘的忧虑与犹豫。最后决定从军,是因为“可汗大点兵,军书十二卷,卷卷有爷名”。军书催的很紧,可父亲年迈体弱,而且“阿爷无大儿,木兰无长兄”。正是由于“可汗”的无理征兵才使得孝敬父母的木兰为解父难,无奈之下,被迫从军。可笑的是参考书上居然无中生有的说木兰从军还因为“考虑到天子征兵是保卫国家的大计”,他是如何知道这场战争是保卫国家而不是发动侵略姑且不论,这行诗句根本就没有一个字能联系到保卫国家上去。牵强附会,竟至于此,令人惊叹。有趣的是即使这样的穿凿在参考书的分析中也仅此一处,看来其它地方再想生拉硬扯是实在联系不上了。可“爱国精神”竟赫然出现在阅读提示的第一行,实在令人费解。
再看第二部分备战与离家。“东市买骏马……北市买长鞭”很多文章分析这几句渲染了匆忙紧张的气氛,表现了木兰从军的积极性,这一点也值得商榷。记得古代民歌中有这样几句“鱼戏莲叶中,鱼戏莲叶东,鱼戏莲叶西,鱼戏莲叶南,鱼戏莲叶北,。”表现了鱼儿在莲叶间悠然往来,自由嬉戏的场面。相似的铺排手法,前几句怎么就能体会出匆忙积极,甚至积极性来呢?而离家这几句更是极力表现了木兰离家后对父母的无限思恋,离家愈远思亲愈切,本来她是应该在家中与父母安享天伦之乐的,可却因为不合理的征兵制度被迫离家从军,走向生死难料的战场,这是何等的无奈与悲凉,多么令人同情。试问“爱国精神”又从哪里体现出来?
第三部分最能表现“爱国精神”的战场作者却一笔带过,而且寥寥几笔中也隐含着战场的凄凉(“朔气传金柝,寒光照铁衣”)与战斗的残酷(“将军百战死,壮士十年归”),这能说作者是在表现木兰的“爱国精神”吗?
接下来的第四部分还朝辞官,回乡与亲人团聚则是着力表现了木兰回家的急切心情与亲人团聚后的喜悦。请看吧,当离家十几年的木兰,终于得以幸存回家时,家人欢迎她的场面是多么热闹,木兰终于又可以还女儿本色了,她迫不及待的脱下了被迫穿上的战服,换上了旧时的红装,理云鬓,贴花黄,多么轻松,多么自由,多么欢快。这才是她向往已久的生活啊!这个部分正好与此前她无奈从军,被迫离家,形成了鲜明的对照。战争是多么可恶,和平是多么美好。在这里我们能挖掘出“爱国精神”吗?我们能说她当初从军是积极的吗?
所以说《木兰诗》表现了“爱国精神”完全是强词夺理,无稽之谈。
但是如此明显的谬误,却偏偏被我区区一个普通的中学老师发现了,专家权威们竟都没审查出来,难道他们真的看不出来吗?我看未必,那“爱国精神”这高尚的帽子被错戴到《木兰诗》的头上,究竟是什么原因呢?让我们反省一下吧!
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