推荐回答(5个)
明朝是从朱祁镇(1427—1464),即明英宗时期开始衰败的。
明初历经洪武之治、永乐盛世、仁宣之治等治世,政治清明、国力强盛。中期经土木之变由盛转衰,后经弘治中兴、嘉靖中兴、万历中兴国势复振,晚明因东林党争和天灾外患 导致国力衰退,爆发农民起义。1644年李自成攻入北京,崇祯帝自缢殉国,明朝覆灭。
正统十四年(1449年)六月,瓦剌太师也先侵犯他人领地,明英宗在宦官王振的怂恿下,不顾群臣劝阻,把年仅两岁的皇子朱见深立为皇太子,令异母皇弟朱祁钰留守,亲率大军出征。军政事务皆由王振专断,行军路线屡变,士兵疲惫不堪。
兵部尚书邝埜一再要求入居庸关,以保安全,但王振不准。后勤不续退至土木堡时王振下令移营,饥渴难忍的军士一哄而起,人马失序,瓦剌军趁机进攻。明军仓促应战,所以兵败,兵部尚书邝埜、户部尚书王佐等66名大臣战死。

扩展资料
1457年石亨、徐有贞、曹吉祥等人联盟,欲拥戴英宗复辟。趁着明代宗重病之际发动政变。徐有贞率军攻入紫禁城,石亨等人占领东华门,立明英宗于奉天殿,改元天顺。他们贬明代宗为郕王,并且逮处死于谦及大学士王文,史称夺门之变。
明英宗复辟后,略有新政,废除自明太祖恢复的殉葬。之后因内部政变流放徐有贞,因曹石之乱诛杀石亨、曹吉祥等人,任命李贤等贤臣治国。
1464年英宗驾崩,朱见深即位,即明宪宗,年号成化。宪宗为于谦平反,恢复代宗帝号,时人多称快,又能体谅民情,励精图治,宛若明君之资。琉球、哈密、暹罗、土鲁番、撒马儿罕等国纷纷入贡。
但其本人口吃内向,因此很少廷见大臣, 宠爱亦妻亦母的万贵妃,宠信宦官汪直、梁芳等人,晚年好方术,以至奸佞当权,西厂横恣,朝纲败坏,民不聊生。宪宗直接颁诏封官,是为传奉官,造成舞弊成风,直到孝宗才全被裁撤。
参考资料:百度百科-明朝
明朝的衰败,是从明英宗朱祁镇时期开始的。
公元1435年,明英宗朱祁镇幼年登基,成为明朝的第六位皇帝。此时的明朝,经过几十年的磨合,群臣集团已然成型,幼主老臣自然是主弱臣强,皇帝的权力已经被群臣瓜分殆尽。 势单力薄的明英宗开始倚重宦官。而公元1449年,宦官王振的一次外交失误引发了蒙古瓦剌部与明朝的边境冲突。由于朝内恶斗,无人愿意出战,毫无任何军事才能经验的王振被迫出征,50万明军在土木堡遭遇到了蒙古军队的突袭,几乎全军覆没,王振死于乱军之中,明英宗朱祁镇则成了蒙古人的俘虏。
其后的明朝,虽然于谦领导的北京保卫战让蒙古人铩羽而归,但军事实力已远非往昔。而朝廷内部,皇权和臣权之争仍然不断,尤其经过皇权与臣权的三次较量,即土木堡之变、夺门之变、大礼仪之争,直至臣权上位,国家机器完全掌握在了群臣手中,成为了乱臣攫取个人利益的工具,缺乏制约的臣权对民众的压榨一步步升级,社会逐步走到了崩溃的边缘。到崇祯皇帝朱由检接班时,面临的王朝已经完全是一盘死棋。皇帝完全被束缚住了手脚,大臣们只关心私利和党争,无人去关心社稷民生,民众已经被压剥到了崩溃的边缘,王朝的崩盘只是时间的问题。
从朱元璋开始就衰败了。因为朱元璋自做聪明,好用党争,以为这样就可以控制大臣,殊不知这样导致了国家的内耗。结果是无人用心治国,全在内斗,最终国破朝灭。正所谓:家和万事兴,可是朱元璋只是想控制属下,却没有想到国家兴盛的原因是人才。如果人才都在搞内斗,谁去治理国家?国家又如何兴盛?所以,最终导致明朝灭亡的,其实是朱元璋的“驭人之术”。
明朝是从明英宗朱祁镇开始衰败的,这是明朝开始走下坡路。
对于明朝的衰败有不同的见解。
最常见的有两种,一种认为是从嘉靖开始,一种认为是从万历开始。
所以有种说法是:明朝败亡是于万历,实亡于嘉靖。
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