项数为偶数时:
1.S偶-S奇=nd
S奇/S偶=S奇/(S奇+nd)=(S奇+nd-nd)/(S奇+nd)=1-nd/(S奇+nd)
S奇=na1+n(n-1)*2d/2(奇数列公差为2)=na1+n2d-nd
S奇+nd=na1+n2d
nd/(S奇+nd)=d/(a1+nd)
2.S奇/S偶=1-nd/(S奇+nd)=(a1+(n-1)d)/(a1+nd)=an/an+1
项数为2n+1时,中间项为n+1
3.S奇-S偶=a1+nd=an+1=a中
S奇/S偶=(S偶+a中)/S偶=1+a中/S偶
a中=(a2+a2n)/2
S偶=n(a2+a2n)/2(2n+1列数中有n个偶数,n+1个奇数,偶数和为n/2个a2+a2n)
4.所以S奇/S偶=(S偶+a中)/S偶=1+a中/S偶=1+1/n=(n+1)/n
项数为2n-1时,中间项为n
5.S奇-S偶=a1+(n-1)d=an=a中
6.同理证出S奇/S偶=(S偶+a中)/S偶=1+a中/S偶=1+1/(n-1)=n/(n-1)
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