推荐回答(1个)
钧瓷鉴赏
钧窑瓷器历来被人们称之为"国之瑰宝",在宋代五大名窑中以"釉俱五色、艳丽绝伦"而独树一帜,它创造性地使用铜的氧化物作为着色剂,在还原条件下烧制出窑变铜红釉,并由此繁衍出茄皮紫、海棠红、丁香紫、朱砂红、玫瑰紫等多种窑变色彩,红里有紫,紫中有蓝,蓝里泛青,青中透红,青蓝错杂,红紫相映,宛如蔚蓝的天空中出现的一片彩霞,五彩渗化,交相辉映。
古人曾用"夕阳紫翠忽成岚"等诗句来形容钧瓷釉色灵活,变化微妙之美。钧窑瓷器不但釉色绚丽多彩,周身还布满珍珠点、兔丝纹、鱼子纹、蟹爪痕和曲折迂回的蚯蚓走泥纹等生动美妙的窑变流纹。加之其釉质乳光晶莹、肥厚玉润,达到了类翠似玉赛玛瑙的美丽程度,形成了钧釉无可比拟的独有特色,确有巧夺天工之美,在我国陶瓷工艺美术发展史上占有举足轻重的地位。
钧窑瓷器丰富多彩的铜红窑变釉的成功烧制,彻底改变了以往青釉类瓷器一览无余的单色格局,极大地丰富了陶瓷装饰的内容,并为以后中国陶瓷装饰艺术的发展开辟了广阔的空间,在中国陶瓷发展的历史上具有划时代的意义。
钧窑瓷器以其蕴润雅致,五彩斑斓的釉色著称于世,同时它也是釉和造型完美结合的产物。钧瓷造型既要讲究实用功能,符合生活的客观规律,还要考虑到艺术美,钧窑瓷器的釉层丰满且有流动性,为了适应钧釉的这种特点,在造型上除了注意圆、扁、方、长、曲、直、缩、张格局合称和虚实得当之外,还必须做到浑厚端庄,典雅大方,装饰简练,线条明朗,棱角突出,起伏得当,以增强钧釉的艺术美。
其主要表现在:釉色美,铜红釉的成功运用以及窑内温度和还原气氛的恰到好处;纹路美,釉在器型的不同位置就会出现拉丝、沉积、结晶等变化,呈现出兔丝纹、蚯蚓走泥纹、鱼子纹和珍珠点等名贵纹路;流动美,厚釉在相应的器型上,经煅烧熔融流动,釉色与纹路相交出奇,浑然构成一幅幅神异的图画,这些流动的画面,变幻莫测,犹如鬼斧神工,又如自然天成,随着人们丰富的想象力,呈现出各种绝纱奇景,如高山云雾、峡谷飞瀑、满山翠竹、星辰满天、寒鸦归林等,令人叹为观止,拍案称奇。
尤为令人难以忘怀的是1997年7月1日,我国政府对香港恢复行使主权的历史时刻,河南省选择了最能代表中原悠久历史与璀璨文明的钧瓷,制作成名为"豫象送宝"的特大钧瓷瓶,作为贺礼送往香港,表达了河南9600万人民对香港回归祖国和香港特别行政区成立的良好祝愿。
整件贺礼由瓶、座、墩、展台四部分组成,高贵的窑变紫红釉钧瓷瓶和宝石蓝色的座墩上下叠放,三个部分总高1997毫米,寓意1997年香港回归。其中墩为鼓形,饰有鼓钉。钧瓷瓶的造型则借鉴于传统的观音瓶造型,古朴端庄,浑厚肃穆。整体釉色经红色为主,红中泛紫,紫中透蓝,呈现出一派热烈欢腾的喜庆气氛。
钧瓷是我国传统民族文化中的宝贵遗产,在经历了几百年的沧桑之后的今天,它又被重新挖掘出来,得到了更为空前的发展,并以崭新的面貌出现在人们面前。如今的钧瓷生产无论是造型设计,烧成工艺,还是品种釉色,艺术风格,都日臻完美。
当代钧瓷取"宋钧"釉厚均匀,采"元钧"聚色成形,继千年传统技艺,融现代美学情趣,逐渐被越来越多的陶瓷爱好者所珍藏,收藏界也历来就有"纵有家产万贯,不如钧瓷一件"之说。当我们欣赏它的时候,不仅会为它乳光晶莹,五光十色的釉色感到惊奇,而且更会为它浑然天成,极富有诗情画意,绚丽多彩的窑变景观所折服,它的可贵之处也就体现在这一点,钧瓷的窑变釉色是任何美术大师也不可能设计绘画出来的,"钧瓷无对,窑变无双","入窑一色,出窑万彩"便是对钧瓷窑变的形象说明。
钧窑瓷器不仅具有强烈的古典魅力,使人产生出民族自豪感,而且它还把自然艺术、科学和历史浑然融为一体,充分显示出含蓄、柔和之美。"旧时王榭堂前燕,飞入寻常百姓家",愿这灵性天地的钧瓷珍品,能给世人增添无限的艺术享受。
来源:中国钧瓷研究所
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