唐·韩愈《送穷人》,是砉敥嘎嘤还是砉欻嚘嘤?

2025-02-27 22:53:40
推荐回答(2个)
回答(1):

元和六年正月乙丑晦,主人使奴星结柳(用柳枝编制)作车,缚草为船,载糗(乾粮)舆粻(米粮);牛系轭下,引帆上樯。三揖穷鬼而告之曰:「闻子行有日矣(听说你即将起程),鄙人(自谦之辞)不敢问所涂(你的去路),窃具船与车,备载糗粻,日吉时良,利行四方,子饭一盂,子啜(吃、喝)一觞,携朋挈俦,去故就新,驾尘扩风,与电争光,子无底滞之尤(抱怨),我有资送之恩,子等有意於行乎?」
屏息潜听(偷偷地听),如闻音声,若啸若啼,砉(皮骨相离的声音)欻(突然)嘎嘎,毛发尽竖,竦肩缩颈,疑有而无,久乃可明。若有言者曰:「吾与子居,四十年余;子在孩提,吾不子愚(你小时候,我不认为你愚钝),子学子耕,求官与名,惟子是从,不变于初(我一直跟随你,没有改变心意);门神户灵,我叱我呵,包羞诡随(门神屋灵对叱呵,我也容忍羞辱而紧紧追随您),志不在他。子迁南荒,热烁(炎热)湿蒸,我非其乡,百鬼欺陵。太学四年(你在太学任职四年),朝霁暮盐,惟我保汝,人皆嫌汝。自初及终,未始背汝,心无异谋,口绝行语,於何听闻,云我当去(你从哪里听闻,说我将离您而去),是必夫子信谗,有间(离间)於予也。我鬼非人,安用车船,鼻嗅臭香,糗粻可捐(放弃;没有用处)。单独一身,谁为朋俦(我单独一身,哪有什麼伴伴),子苟备知,可数已不(说说看我有哪些伙伴)?子能尽言,可谓圣智,情状既露,敢不回避。」
主人应之曰:「子以吾为真不知也耶!子之朋俦,非六非四(指五个穷鬼;以下意思皆同),在十去五,满七除二,各有主张(主管的事务),私立名字,捩(扭转)手覆羹(扭转人手,打翻羹汤;比喻惹祸),转喉触讳(开口说话,就触及忌讳;比喻说话不讨人喜),凡所以使吾面目可憎、言语无味者,皆子之志也。其名曰智穷:矫矫(勇武的样子)亢亢(高傲),恶圆喜方,羞为奸欺,不忍害伤;其次名曰学穷:傲数与名(轻视技艺与声名制度),摘抉(摘取)杳微(深奥的道理),高挹(辞让)群言(注:辞让诸子百家之言;表示韩愈独尊儒家道统),执神之机(掌握关键的道理);又其次曰文穷:不专一能,怪怪奇奇,不可时施(文章不能施行於当世),只以自嬉(自己取乐而已);又其次曰命穷:影与形殊(影子是否斜,身体是正直的),面丑心妍(美好),利居众后,责在人先;又其次曰交穷:磨肌戛骨,吐出心肝,企足以待,寘(安置、放置)我雠冤(把我当做是仇人)。凡此五鬼,为吾五患,饥我寒我,兴讹造讪,能使我迷,人莫能间,朝悔其行,暮已复然,蝇营狗苟(像狗一样到处钻营),驱去复还。」
言未毕,五鬼相与张眼吐舌,跳踉(跳动、跳起)偃仆(倒下),抵掌顿脚,失笑相顾。徐谓主人曰:「子知我名,凡我所为,驱我令去,小黠大痴(只是小聪名,却是大愚笨)。人生一世,其久几何?吾立子名,百世不磨。小人君子,其心不同,惟乖於时,乃与天通。携持琬琰(琬圭及琰圭。泛指美玉。比喻君子的德性。),易一羊皮,饫(饱食)於肥甘,慕彼糠糜(用谷糠中的坚硬粒子煮成的粥。比喻粗恶的食物。)。天下知子,谁过於予?虽遭斥逐,不忍子疏。谓予不信(若我说的话不确实),请质《诗》、《书》。」
主人於是垂头丧气,上手(举手)称谢,烧车与船,延之上座。

回答(2):

《送穷文》是唐代文学家韩愈创作的一篇古文。这篇文章模仿扬雄《逐贫赋》的写法,借主人与“智穷”“学穷”“文穷”“命穷”“交穷”五鬼的对话,以幽默嘲戏的笔调描绘了自己“君子固穷”的个性和形象,抨击了庸俗的人情世态,抒发了内心的牢骚和忧愤。文章开头写主人一本正经地恭送穷鬼的离去。随后,作者以三个自然段叙述自己不当穷而穷的意蕴,借穷鬼与自己的对话来抒发内心的郁闷与不平。最后出人意料地以“留穷”作结。全文意蕴上寓庄于谐,文字上寓谐于庄,情节波澜起伏、变化莫测,语言生动有趣、形神兼备,是体现韩愈奇崛文风的代表作品。

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