大蒜有哪些类型与品种?

2025-04-02 07:42:05
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

中国大蒜品种资源丰富,其栽培类型按鳞茎外皮颜色可分为紫皮蒜和白皮蒜两种类型。一般紫皮蒜的蒜瓣少而大,辛辣味浓,产量高,耐寒性差,华北、东北、西北适宜春播。白皮蒜有大瓣种和小瓣种,大瓣种以生产蒜头和蒜薹为主,是生产上的主栽类型;小瓣种适于蒜黄和青蒜栽培。根据蒜薹的有无,大蒜又可分为无薹蒜和有薹蒜两种类型。

苍山大蒜:山东省苍山县地方品种,是我国大蒜的重要出口品种。

一般每亩产鲜蒜头800~1000千克,蒜薹500千克左右。

金乡大蒜:又名杂交蒜、改良蒜、苏联大蒜,由原苏联引入我国,后经人工选择而成。蒜皮可分为红色和纯白色两个品系。以生产蒜头为主。

拉萨白皮大蒜:适应性强,抽薹率低,蒜头耐贮,适于高寒地区栽培。

陕西蔡家坡紫皮蒜:早熟高产,宜作青蒜、蒜薹和蒜头栽培,为陕西省主栽品种。

四川二水早:又名成都二水早、二早子,四川省成都市金堂地方品种,属蒜薹专用种。早熟,生长期210天左右。比较耐热、耐寒、抗病。

此外,还有山东嘉祥紫皮大蒜、河北定县紫皮蒜、上海嘉定大蒜、浙江杭州白皮大蒜、西藏拉萨白皮大蒜、天津宝坻六瓣红、云南云顶早蒜等地方品种仍在生产上使用。江苏大丰三月黄、贵州毕节白蒜、河北永年大蒜、山西应县大蒜、河南临颍的宋城白蒜等,都是有名的出口外销品种。

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