might与could,would表推测的用法?

2024-11-15 10:56:27
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回答(1):

先讲一下几个常见情态动词的用法: can和could的用法 1. 表示能力或客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。如: Can you finish this work tonight? Man can not live without air. — Can I go now? — Yes, you can. 注意:①could也可表示请求,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不可用于肯定句,答语应用can(即could不能用于现在时态的简燃枝略答语中)。如: Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. (否定答语可用No, I'm afraid not.) ②can表示能力时,还可用be able to代替。如: I'll not be able to come this afternoon. 2. 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中) Can this be true? How can you be so careless! This can not be done by him. 3. “can(could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对数衡过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。如: He can not have been to that town. Can he have got the book? 4. 用在疑问句及否定句中,表示惊讶,不相信等. 5. can not```too\enough表示"无论怎样``````也不过分","越``````越好" may和might的用法 1. 表示许可。 表示请求、允许时,might比may的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时(口语中常用) no , you can't . or , yes, please 用mustn't表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意(具有强烈禁止的意思)如: You may drive the car. — Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn't. 用May I ... 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中,用Can I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。 2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如: May you succeed! 3. 表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。 He may be very busy now. 4. “may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。如: He may not have finished the work. must和have to的用法 1. 表示必须、必要。(must表示主观多一些而have to则表示客观多一些)如: You must come in time. 回答must引出的问句时,如果是否定的回答,不能用mustn't,而要用needn't或don't have to。 — Must we hand in our exercise books today? — Yes, you must. (No, you don’t have to.) 2. “must be + 表语”的结构表示推测,它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。 This must be your pen. 3. “must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的皮毕敏否定或疑问式用can代替must。 He must have been to Shanghai. 4. have to的含义与must相似,两者往往可以互换使用,但have to有各种形式,随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几点不同: ① must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而have to则往往强调客观需要。如: The play is not interesting. I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age. ② must一般只表现在,have则有更多的时态形式。 ③ 二者的否定意义不大相同。如: You mustn't go. 你可不要去。 You don't have to go. 你不必去。 ④ 询问对方的意愿时应用must。如: Must I clean all the room? 注意:have to也可拼做have got to。 shall和should的用法 一.Shall的用法: 1. Shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿。如: What shall we do this evening? 2. Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如: Shall we begin our lesson? When shall he be able to leave the hospital? 3. Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如: You shall fail if you don't work harder. (警告) He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允诺) He shall be punished. (威胁) 二.Should的用法: 1. Should表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是ought to;在疑问句中,通常用should代替ought to。如: You should go to class right away. Should I open the window? Should的含义较多,用法较活,现介绍三种其特殊用法。请看下面的句子: ① I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。 ② You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看,你是搞错了。 ③ I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是劝你别这样做。 ④ This is something I should have liked to ask you. 这是我本来想问你的。 从以上例句可以看出:情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。 Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成,主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如: ⑤ Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她,请让她给我打个电话。 ⑥ If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意,请通知我们。 ⑦ Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间,我就来。 此外,Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。如: ⑧ Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚? ⑨— Where is Betty living? — 贝蒂住在哪里? — How should I know? — 我怎么会知道呢? ⑩ I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。 2. “should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务,表示应该做到而实际上没有做到,并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。如: She should have finished it. I should have helped her, but I never could. You should have started earlier. will和would的用法 1. 表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。如: Would you pass me the book? 2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。如: I will never do that again. They asked if we would do that again. The door won't open 3. 用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测,主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测,后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。如: This will be the book you want. He will have arrived by now. The guests would have arrived by that time. I thought you would have finished this by now. 4. Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。Would表过去习惯时比used to正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如: The wound would not heal. During the vacation he would visit me every week. 5. 表料想或猜想。如: It would be about ten when he left home. What would she be doing there? I thought he would have told you all about it. 回到原题。题目比较容易理解:我要去拜访Tracy,但是我不知道这个星期天是否有空,而不是楼主所理解的“我可能去拜访Tracy”。此处填should表示一个“将要发生的动作”,是shall的过去式,具体用法参见上文。注意might的确是表猜测,但是题目前一句说的是一个事实,而不是表示推测。 could和would表推测的区别,可以根据它们的原型can和will的意思去区分。先看一下题目的意思,然后根据意思填相应的词。

回答(2):

情态动词must, can, could, may, might
表推测的用法:

情态动词中的must, can, could, may, might都表推测。其中must的可能性最大,can / could次之,may / might最小。具体用法如下: 1. must的用法
(1)表示推测“可能性”时,意思是“一定、准是”,语气较肯定,较有把握。 He must be American. = It is certain that he is American. 他准是个美国人。
(2)must表推测只能用于肯定句。如果要表示“一定不、肯定不”的意思时,应用can`t,如询问某种可能时,应用can。
He must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。(一定) He can`t know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。(一定不) Can he know my address? 他知道我的地址吗?(询问可能性) (3)must表示推测时,可以推测现在/正在发生的动作/过去发生的动作。 He must have a car now. (现在)他一定有辆小汽车。
He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.(正在进行)他一定在教室里做练习。
He must have finished the work.(过去发生)他一定已完成了工作。 注:must表示推测时很少用于将来的情况。一般不用He must come tomorrow.可用It`s certain / I`m sure that he will come tomorrow. (4)在反意疑问句中,当附属部分含有表示推测意义的must时,疑问部分的助动词应与must后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。
He must be a worker, isn`t he? (现在)他准时个工人,是吗?
It must have rained last night, didn`t it? (过去)昨晚一定下雨了,是不是?数键
You must have learned English for many years, haven`t you? (完成时)你一定学了好多年英语,是吗? 2. can / could的用法
(1)can表示推测“可能性”时,往往用于否定句或疑问句。Can`t“一定不”,语气很肯定。can在疑问句中意思是“会、可能”。
He can`t be at home. = It is impossible that he is at home. 他一定不在家。
(2)can /can`t后可接进行时/完成时,表示对现在发生的动作或过去发生的动作进行推测。
They can`t be reading in the library. 他们一定不在图书馆读书。 He can`t have gone to Shanghai for I saw him a minute ago. 他不可能去了上海,我刚才还看见他。
It`s so late. Where can she have gone? 天晚了,她可能去哪儿了呢?
(3)在反意疑问句中,当陈述部分含有表示推测意义的搏毕局can`t时,疑问部分的助动词应与can`t后面的动词在非推测情基让况下的用法保持一致. He can`t be a teacher, is he? 他不是教师,是吗? She can`t have finished her homework, has she? 她一定没有完成家庭作业,是不是?
(4)could可用于表示某事有可能发生或可能是事实。
Don`t eat it. It could be poisonous. 不要吃它,可能有毒。 The plane could be delayed by fog. 飞机可能会因为雾晚点。
(5)could还可以用于表示客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。
Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the bus station? Could you help me?
(6)couldn`t表示否定推测,表示某事不可能真实,或由于特定事实或环境
某事肯定不会发生。
It couldn`t possibly be poison. 这不可能是毒药。
注:有时与形容词的比较级连用强调某人或某物不可能再更多地具有某种属性。 You couldn`t be more wrong. 你真是大错特错。 I couldn`t be happier. 我简直是幸福极了。 3. may和might的用法
(1) may, might表示推测“可能性”时,意思是“可能”、“也许”,语气没有 must肯定。
He may / might be American. = It is possible that he is American. 他可能是个美国人。
注:might不表示过去时态,只是语气上比may更委婉,表示的可能性更小。 (2)may, might表推测时,可以用于否定句,意思是“可能不、也许不”,但不用于疑问句。
He may / might not be at home. 他也许不在家。
(3)may, might可以推测现在正在发生的动作或过去发生的动作。 He may / might be sleeping now. (现在)他可能正在睡觉。 The boy may / might not be watching TV at home. (现在) 这个男孩可能没在家看电视
These students may / might have seen the film before.(过去) 这些学生以前可能看过这部电影。
(4)may, might还可以推测将来的情况。
I think we should take raincoat with us, it may rain. 我想我们应该带上雨衣,可能要下雨了。
She might not come this afternoon. 她今天下午可能不来了。