推荐回答(1个)
【法王】
梵语dharma-ra^ja。(一)佛之尊称。王有最胜、自在之义,佛为法门之主,能自在教化众生,故称法王。无量寿经卷下(大一二·二七五中):‘佛为法王,尊超众圣,普为一切天人之师。’又释迦方志卷上(大五一·九五○上):‘凡人极位,名曰轮王;圣人极位,名曰法王。’〔长阿含卷三游行经、维摩经卷上佛国品、法华经卷五安乐行品〕
(二)菩萨之尊称。据华严经卷二十七载,菩萨于受职时,诸佛以智水灌此菩萨顶;以其具足佛之十力,亦能转十善道,故称灌顶法王。又大宝积经卷九密迹力士会载,菩萨因具足四事,故有法王之称誉,四事即:(一)不舍道心。(二)劝化他人发意。(三)以诸德本劝助道心,所可闻者意广无极。(四)令一切释梵、四天王、诸声闻及缘觉地,至于无极无坏弘广无穷之业。
(四)乃西藏所传佛教首领之封号。始于元世祖至元七年(1270),封萨迦派首领八思巴为大宝法王。明永乐四年(1406),明成祖征聘迦尔居派喇嘛哈立麻至北京,次年封哈立麻为‘万行具足十方最胜圆觉妙智慧善普应佑国演教如来大宝法王西天自在佛’,简称‘大宝法王’。此后又分别封萨迦派、格鲁派之上首喇嘛为大乘法王、大慈法王。
【大日如来】
梵名Maha^vairocana 。为密教供奉之本尊与最上根本佛。音译作摩诃毗卢遮那。又作毗卢遮那佛、最高显广眼藏、遍照王如来、光明遍照、大日遍照、遍一切处、遍照尊。其名有三义,即:(一)除暗遍明义,谓如来智慧日光遍一切处,作大照明,无有内外、昼夜之别。(二)众务成办义,谓如来日光遍照法界,能平等开发无量众生之善根,乃至成就世、出世间种种殊胜事业。(三)光无生灭义,谓佛心之日虽为无明所覆障,而无所减;究竟如法实相三昧圆明,而无所增。以如此诸种原因,故世间之日不可为喻,但取其少分相似处,故加以‘大’字。
大日如来系密宗将宇宙实相佛格化之根本佛,亦为一切诸佛菩萨所出之本原及所归之果体;其身口意业遍虚空,演说如来之三密门金刚一乘甚深教。大日经疏卷一谓,大日如来分本地法身与加持受用身两种,其中,本地法身指如来之自证极位,加持受用身指说法之教主;彼以平等之身口意秘密加持为所入之门(即以身平等之密印、语平等之真言、心平等之妙观为方便),故知加持受用之身即是毗卢遮那遍一切身,此二身毕竟无二无别。故密宗以大日如来为最高之佛格与根本总德。以其与诸法遍在,故密号遍照金刚。
又因大日如来为金、胎两部曼荼罗之主尊,故非常被重视,其智德以金刚界大日如来表示之,其理德则以胎藏界大日如来表示;理、智虽然二分,实际亦不相离。金刚界大日为金刚界九会中,除理趣会以外之中尊,位于五佛中央,现菩萨形,身呈白色,戴五智宝冠,结智拳印,结跏趺坐于七狮子座,此即智法身,种子为徤(vam!),三昧耶形为率都婆;胎藏界
大日则为位于中台八叶院中央之理法身,亦现菩萨形,身呈黄金色,头戴五佛宝冠,结法界定印,坐于八叶莲华台上,种子为豙(a),三昧耶形为率都婆或如来顶印。
现存之大日如来像,不论绘画或雕刻,均为坐像,没有立像或倚像,且其雕刻材料几乎限用木材,此乃依此佛之性质而定。又天台宗每将释迦佛与大日如来之法身、应身视为同体,日本东密则将两者视为别体。
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