推荐回答(1个)
我国的页岩气资源丰富,根据初步估计,页岩气地质资源量约为常规天然气量的两倍,古生界页岩气资源量大约是中生界页岩气资源量的两倍。经与美国页岩气发育盆地(及地区)对比,中国存在区域发育页岩气的地质背景和条件。依据地质历史及其变化特点,可将我国的页岩气发育区划分为大致与板块对应的四大区域,即南方、华北—东北、西北及青藏等四大地区。我国页岩气平面分布以南方和西北地区为主,也包括鄂尔多斯盆地及其周缘地区。其中,四川、吐哈等盆地泥页岩十分发育,并且具有页岩气成藏的基本条件,勘探潜力巨大(张金川等,2008b)。
中国许多盆地具有泥页岩气成藏地质条件,而国内的“页岩气”基本上还未进行系统研究。许多盆地高碳泥页岩的有机碳含量高达30%,是页岩气聚集的重要条件。尤其是中国南方扬子地区沉积岩经历地质时代长、地质背景复杂、构造破坏严重、油气保存条件较差,页岩气将有可能成为区域性油气勘探发现的重要突破口。结合美国的非常规天然气勘探研究现状及其发展趋势分析,页岩气不久将会成为我国能源地质研究领域中的热点(张金川等,2008a)。
从震旦纪到中三叠世,中国南方地区发育了广泛的海相沉积,分布面积达200余万平方千米,累计最大地层厚度超过10km,形成了上震旦统(陡山沱组)、下寒武统、上奥陶统(五峰组)—下志留统(龙马溪组)、中泥盆统(罗富组)、下石炭统、下二叠统(栖霞组)、上二叠统(龙潭和大隆组)、下三叠统(青龙组)等8套以黑色页岩为主体特点的烃源岩层系。其中下寒武统、上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组、下二叠统、上二叠统等4套烃源岩是区域主力烃源岩。经研究认为,南方地区与美国东部页岩气产出地区(阿巴拉契亚等盆地)具有诸多的地质可比性(包括页岩地质时代、构造变动强度等),下寒武统、上奥陶统—下志留统以及二叠系等地层分布广泛、厚度大,有机质丰富、成熟度高,是南方地区区域上的页岩气发育最有利层位,四川盆地、鄂东渝西及下扬子地区是平面上分布的有利区。
在华北—东北地区,页岩气更可能发生在主力产油气层位的底部或下部,区域上的古生界、鄂尔多斯盆地的中—古生界、松辽盆地的中生界、渤海湾盆地埋藏较浅的古近系等,泥页岩累计厚度在50~2000m,平均有机碳含量为1.0%~2.0%,局部平均值可达4.0%以上,对应有机质成熟度变化较大;在西北部地区,页岩气的分布更多地受现今盆地特点的约束,区域上分布的中生界(侏罗系及三叠系等)和盆地边缘埋深较浅的古生界泥页岩相对有利,有机碳含量平均值普遍较高,成熟度变化范围较大;尽管青藏地区的地表环境较差,但中—古生界泥页岩地层厚度大,有机质含量高,有机质热演化程度适中,也是页岩气发育的有前景地区。
总之,我国四川盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地、松辽盆地等大型盆地均存在分布范围广、地层厚度大、有机质含量普遍较高的页岩层,可作为区域上页岩气勘探研究的重要层系之一。随着国内外页岩气勘探、开发的深入,页岩气成为促进天然气储量增加的一个关键因素。同时,页岩气的研究受到国内众多学者和科研机构的关注,这必将大大推动了中国泥页岩气的研究和勘探。
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