立式铣床主轴外锥面损伤怎么修复?

2025-03-26 08:13:14
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

立式铣床主轴外锥面损伤的修复:
XA5032立铣主轴前端1:12外锥面是轴承的安装基准面,左侧外圆是调整环2的安装基准面,他们间的磨损影响主轴精度及切削性能。本次修理采用电刷镀技术进行修复。电刷镀主要优点是电刷镀层与主轴材质(45#钢)的结合强度大于70N/mm2,工件加热温度小于70℃,不会引起主轴变形和金相变化,能够满足主轴的修复要求。
1、电刷镀工艺流程
主轴表面机械准备→电净→自来水冲洗→1#活化液活化→自来水冲洗→3#活化液活化→自来水冲洗→无电擦拭→刷镀特种镍打底层→刷镀快速镍作尺寸层至规定厚度→镀后处理→镀层的机械加工。
2、电刷镀工艺流程内容
(1)镀前机械准备
将主轴装夹在车床上,分别修复两端60°中心孔,表面粗糙度Ra0.8。然后上万能外圆磨床以中心孔为基准磨1:12外锥面及左侧外园,磨量少些较好。然后用丙酮清洗待镀表面,并用涤纶胶纸将不镀的邻近部位粘贴保护好,以防误镀。
(2)电净
在上述清理的基础上,用电净液通电处理工件待镀表面,去油除锈。去油标准是冲水时水膜能在工件表面均匀分开。注意电净时间要短,以减少工件渗氢。
(3)活化
选用合适的活化液对工件表面进行活化,以除去工件表面的氧化膜使工件表面露出金属基体,为镀层与基体良好结合创造条件。但要注意避免由于电流大、活化时间长、工件温升大而造成的工件表面产生氧化层。发现氧化层后应立即清除干净。
(4)刷过渡层
在活化的基础上,紧接着就刷镀特殊镍作为过渡层,其刷镀层厚2μm即可。刷镀它主要是为了提高镀层与基体的结合强度及稳定性。
(5)刷镀工作层
刷镀过渡层后刷镀工作层快速镍,不必水洗。先无电擦拭3~5μm后,极性、电压、转速不变即可通电接着刷镀。用温水浸泡主轴,给镀液加热到50℃,开始镀时用低电流,然后逐渐增大电流,避免因主轴和镀液温度过低而选用高电压、大电流造成镀层应力过大、镀层开裂剥离。
(6)电刷镀后的收尾处理
除去保护阳极的屏蔽物,清洗工件上残留的镀液,并作防锈处理。
(7)主轴镀层恢复尺寸的机械加工
将主轴装夹在万能外圆磨床上,选用绿碳化硅砂轮。因镍镀层在磨削时无火花,为便于对刀,在镀层上涂上红丹粉。因1:12外锥面只是大端有磨损,所以只需找正1:12外锥面未损伤的大面,将镀层恢复处磨削接平;也可与新轴承的锥孔配研,着色覆盖率达到80%以上即可。

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