推荐回答(1个)
滚滚长江东逝水,
浪花淘尽英雄。
是非成败转头空。
青山依旧在,几度夕阳红。
白发渔樵江渚上,
惯看秋月春风。
一壶浊酒喜相逢。
古今多少事,都付笑谈中。
诸葛亮为何要遗命葬汉中定军山下,从当时的历史背景来看,有其深远的政治和军事意义。汉中,乃蜀汉北部屏障,“若无汉中,则无蜀矣”。
关羽失荆州后,汉中的地理位置更加重要,它关系着西蜀的存亡,因此,自公元219年蜀、魏“定军山之战”,黄忠袭杀夏侯渊而刘备夺取汉中地以后,蜀汉就一直占据汉中设险固守,刘备在此设坛称王,为建立蜀汉政权奠定了坚实基础。诸葛亮北伐曹魏以汉中为营,在定军山下屯兵八年,五次北伐的出军、退兵皆以此为基。
但是,诸葛亮八年中的五次北伐,未能实现“北定中原、兴复汉室”而让蜀后主“还于旧都”的意愿,结果病死于北伐军中,成为千古遗恨,因此,他遗命“死后葬汉中定军山”是对先主刘备的怀念,是他忠君思想的体现,亦是对他“鞠躬尽瘁、死而后已”辅佐蜀汉基业、北伐曹魏艰辛业绩的眷恋。更重要的是,他要以自己的“死虎余威”震摄扼守汉中,教育和鼓励蜀汉将士以汉中定军山为基,继续北伐曹魏,去完成和实现自己的“北定中原、兴复汉室”的遗愿。
公元234年8月,诸葛亮在五丈原军中迎来了一生中最后的时刻,出师未捷身先死,这也是他一生中最伤感的时刻。此时,他心中最放不下的是西蜀北大门-汉中的安全。他让人将自己葬在定军山下,依山造墓,能容下棺材即可,人殓时穿平常衣物,不必有随葬的器物。
生而治蜀,死犹护蜀。定军山武侯墓殿内,就有这样一幅楹联:生为兴刘尊汉业;死犹护蜀葬军山。人们普遍认为此联语体察了诸葛亮“遗令”葬定军山的隐衷。《三国演义》也据此创作了诸葛亮“显圣”定军山的故事,托梦给征蜀大将钟会:“汝入境之后,万勿妄杀生灵”云云。
北伐壮志未酬。柳春藩《诸葛亮传》就认为:诸葛亮之所以要“遗令”葬在汉中定军山,是因为北伐壮志未酬,想让后人不忘北伐曹魏。唯其如此,诸葛亮的后继者姜维才不顾一切而坚持“八伐中原”。
在封建时代,忠臣难做,尤其是像诸葛亮那样集权于一身而又未完成“复兴汉室”之重任者,他不能不处处小心。在当时,实际上就有人对诸葛亮的权力至大产生过疑虑,明察秋毫的诸葛亮对此不会没有认识。所以,他“遗令”葬定军山,或许正是为了避免身后被君臣猜疑,以保全国家与家人之平安。这从他死后,百姓请为立庙而朝廷却一直不同意,可见诸葛亮的苦衷是不无道理的。
诸葛亮一生,为辅佐蜀汉帝业,呕心沥血,勤政廉洁,他的聪睿才智,被历代歌颂,他的道德思想被世人尊崇。特别是,他生能舍己,死不还家的忠君敬业精神为后世所敬仰和感叹,在武侯墓祠中,至今保留着这方面的楹联,如:“未定中原,此魄何甘归故土;永怀西蜀,饮恨遗命葬军山”。“故国不归,山河未遂中原志;忠魂尤存,道路争瞻汉相坟”。“生为兴刘尊汉室;死犹护蜀葬军山”。这些楹联,准确地道出了诸葛亮遗命葬汉中定军山的缘由,更是对诸葛亮高风亮节的唱咏。
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