高加索犬怎么喂养

我找到了几个国外高加索犬场的论坛, 里面有几篇文章不错的, 但都是英文. 我选了几篇. 分别是关于喂养, 训练和免疫的. 文章较长, 先翻译一个有关喂养的. 供大家参考. 高姐, 这文章里一些和你以前帖子有出入的概念你也批判地看看啊, 集思广益么, 呵呵, 一切为了高加索.

有外文好的爱高的铜子们, 有空都去找些文章翻译了贴上来啊. 有关高加索现在流行很多理念的, 都拿来这里讨论一下, 总会找到最合适的我们国家具体情况的. 论养高咱跟俄罗斯是比不了了, 总不能输给别的国家啊.

另外铜子们, 由于该文章是本人翻译的, 大家如果有喜欢的或者转载的,请注明是转自本论坛.

最好的企业卖的是理念, 最好的犬场也不能光卖狗的. 高姐, 这样大家讨论讨论, 你要是有空就整理整理, 加些具体的喂养,训练案例就是本书啦. 有自己的书那可就又和别的犬场不一样了.
"BARF" stands for "bones - and - raw - food." We highly recommend two fascinating and important books written by veterinarian Dr. Ian Billinghurst: Give Your Dog a Bone and Grow Your Pups on Bones. Now there is a new book by Billinghurst: The BARF Diet. Here at Courageous Caucasians, we try to follow this philosophy almost exclusively. Although we do have a good-quality dry dog food on hand (for those days when I'm in a hurry or just plain lazy), pups up to two years of age and pregnant or nursing moms always get raw meat, bones and/or vegetables for their meals. During the cold months of winter/early spring, our dogs feed on the carcass of an animal that has died - a frail calf, cow that has died in childbirth, etc., a "smorgasbord" of the most natural food of all.

“BARF”是“骨头以及生食”的英文首字母缩写。我们向你强烈推荐澳大利亚博士艾恩.毕林格赫斯特的两本著作《给你的狗骨头》以及《用骨头喂养你的小狗》。现在艾恩博士又写了一本新书——《BARF食谱》。现在我们就专门运用此书的观点谈一谈高加索犬的喂养。尽管我们手头有质量很好的干狗粮以备我忙的时候或者是懒的时候之需，但是两年以内的小犬以及怀孕或者喂奶的母犬我们都会给它们喂生肉，骨头以及蔬菜。在寒冷的冬季或者初春的时候我们会给它们喂食动物的尸体，这包括一些虚弱的牲口和一出生就死亡的牛之类，就好象是最自然的食品所组成的自助餐。

As ranchers say around these parts, "As long as there is a dead animal around, I don't feed my dogs." Does this seem crude to some of you "city folks"? Let me tell you there is nothing more natural. The stomach contents are not just run through a food processor, they are just as a wild dog, coyote or wolf would eat - digested by the prey animal itself. The exercise of pulling, gnawing and ripping the meat and crunching the bones is great for building and maintaining muscle tone, again, as nature intended. Never are coats so shiny or teeth so white as when feasting on a downed animal.

就好象我们这附近的农场主所说的那样“只要附近有动物的尸体，我就不会喂我的狗。”这话对你们这些城里人来说是不是太残酷了？但是我告诉你没有比这更自然的事了。它们胃里的食物并不只是像食品加工机里的一样，它们吃动物尸体就好象野狗，狼和郊狼吃其他猎物一样自然，甚至和他们的猎物吃其他的东西维持生存一样的自然。拖咬，咀嚼，撕碎肌肉，咬碎骨头对狗的肌肉的生成和保持都是不可或缺的锻炼。而且，很自然的，如果狗是靠死去的动物来喂养的，那么它们的皮毛会非常的油亮，牙齿也会健康雪白。

In fact, the BARF diet is what dogs have eaten for several hundred thousand years!

How old to start a puppy on the BARF diet? Our pups are weaned on chicken wings and necks. At 3-1/2 weeks old, the puppies get to gnaw on and fight over them. They also get raw lamburger or hamburger mixed in with shredded raw veggies or fruits, various natural supplements (cod liver oil, kelp, brewers yeast, etc., etc.) moistened with raw milk. Their mom, still nursing her puppies, eats the left-overs.

事实上，所谓的“BARF食谱”正是所有的狗数十万年来的主食。从什么时候开始给小狗喂养“BARF食谱”呢？ 我们的小狗从小时候开始就会喂一些鸡翅膀和鸡脖子（生的）。在三个半周的时候,小狗们就开始争抢咬碎这些鸡翅和鸡脖子了。我们也会喂它们生的汉堡或者已汉堡混杂生的蔬菜和水果碎块，同时我们也喂食一些混合了牛奶的自然的食品以补充营养（鲟鱼肝油，褐藻以及啤酒用酵母，等等，等等）。她们的母亲也会继续喂养它们，同时也能吃些它们吃剩的上述食物。

Since the 1930's the health of the dog in the western world has gradually declined. This decline in health, particularly the skeletal health of pups and the reproductive health of their parents, has paralleled marked changes in two vital aspects of canine management: Firstly, our dogs have suffered an unprecedented change in their eating habits with the introduction of commercial dog food. Secondly, there has been a gradual change in the sort of exercise our dogs have been allowed. Our dogs' exercise which used to consist of free running over large areas, play and eating exercise, has gradually changed to forced and inappropriate exercise together with a complete lack of eating exercise. This quote is from Dr. Ian Billinghurst from his book Grow Your Pups On Bones.

“从上世纪三十年代开始，西方世界的狗的体质就开始缓慢下降。这种体质方面的下降，尤其表现在小狗的骨架方面和大狗的繁殖能力上面。这种体质下降也是和狗的驯养方面的两个致命的改变密切相关的：首先，我们的狗开始经历前所未有的饮食上的改变，主要就是商业犬粮的广泛使用；第二，我们的狗以前的训练包括了在很大的范围内自由奔跑，玩耍和猎食训练，但是现在的狗却只能进行被迫的不适当的训练，至于猎食训练则完全缺失了。”以上就是引用自艾恩博士的著作《用骨头喂养你的小狗》。

Commercial dog food cannot even begin to duplicate the dog's natural diet, and should never be regarded as complete and adequate.

商业犬粮不应该开始作为自然犬粮的替代品，而且商业犬粮永远都不应被认作是营养完善充足的狗粮。

Reasons: Commercial dog food is...

· Based on grain and low-quality ingredients,

· Low in digestibility and nutritional value,

· Cooked with extremely harsh methods which destroys vitamins, enzymes and anti-oxidants and changes nutrients into unusable forms,

· Contains chemical preservatives, rancid and/or damaged fats and other toxins,

· Contains excessive amounts of calcium, protein, salt, fat and calories,

· Deficient in essential fatty acids,

· Does not allow for the eating exercise which is important for maintaining the skeletal and muscular systems, in short, a whole-body exercise.

原因如下，商业犬粮：

1．主要成分是谷物以及另外一些低质的成分。

2．在营养方面和可消化方面价值低下。

3．由于是用最快的方法煮熟的，其中的维生素，酶和抗氧化物都被破坏了，营养元素也被破坏成了无法被吸收的结构。

4．含有化学残留，腐坏的油脂和脂肪以及其他的可致病的毒素。

5．含有过量的钙，蛋白质，盐和卡路里。

6．重要的脂肪酸含量不足。

7．剥夺了犬的进食训练，而这种进食训练对于犬的骨骼和肌肉生长都十分重要。

Regarding cooked food, Billinghurst concludes, "When food is cooked, it retains sufficient nutrients to keep your dog alive with no obvious immediate problems. It does not, however, allow your dog to have a long, healthy, trouble-free life. Cooked or commercial dog food is responsible for much ill health including cancer, kidney disease, heart disease, arthritis, pancreatic disease, etc. In short, dogs fed on cooked foods live shorter, less healthy, more miserable lives.

关于煮熟的事物，毕林格赫斯特总结如下：“喂煮熟的食品可以为你所喂养的狗提供足够生存所需的营养，也不会有明显的即时的问题产生。但是这样却会使你的狗无法享受长寿的，健康的，无病无灾的一生。煮熟的食品或者商业犬粮是很多健康问题的罪魁，它们可能会导致包括癌症，肾病，心脏病在内的很多疾病。总之，以熟食为生的狗寿命更短，身体更差生活也更悲惨。

NEVER, NEVER feed your dog COOKED bones!!! Cooked bones are extremely dangerous. Cooked bones are the ones that are most likely to be caught in the mouth, to pierce the intestines, to set like concrete in the large bowel. Cooked bones can be potentially fatal to dogs. Raw bones, on the other hand, are digested and contain the essential minerals in natural form.

永远，永远喂你的狗吃煮熟的骨头！！！煮熟的骨头是尤其危险的。煮熟的骨头更可能卡在嘴里，刺穿食道，影响排便。煮熟的骨头是狗的潜在的指明的威胁。但是另一方面，生骨头就易于消化，并且以自然的方式为狗提供了生长所需的重要的矿物质。

An added BONUS: Your dogs will have the cleanest, whitest teeth without brushing! I used to think -- "Yeah, right. How can bones clean teeth?" But proof is in the pudding. One day my husband Jim told me, "You know, I never really thought about it before, but Czara's teeth look as pearly white as a puppy's." And she's eight years old and has never had her teeth brushed. Now, when we do feed dry dog food, I notice my dogs' teeth getting a bit dingy looking. Not to worry. Just switch back to BARF, and after a few days of eating raw meaty bones, they're clean again.

另外的好处就是你的狗会拥有最整洁最白亮的牙齿而不需要刷牙。我也曾经想——“骨头是怎样清洁牙齿的呢？”但是事实胜于雄辩。一天我丈夫吉姆告诉我：“我以前还从来没有注意到呢，Czara的牙齿白得像珍珠，就和小狗一样干净。”

但是它都已经八岁大了并且从来没有刷过牙。现在，我们也喂它们吃干狗粮，我注意到我的狗的牙齿看上去有一点点脏。但是不用担心，只要换回去喂BARF，吃过几天生的带肉的骨头之后，牙齿就又会干净了。

How often to feed? Billinghurst mentions that dogs fed on a raw, natural diet often do not crave food the way the commercially fed dogs do, are more satisfied with their meals and do not require their food to arrive as frequently. An increasing number of dog owners whose dogs are started on whole raw foods find that they only need to feed their dogs every second or third day. And these dogs are magnificently healthy and happy.

多久喂食一次呢？毕林格赫斯特提到喂食生的，自然食品的狗不像喂食商业狗粮的那样渴求食物，它们每一餐都吃得很好很满意而不需要频繁地喂食。越来越多的给自己的狗喂食生食的犬主发现他们只要每隔两天甚至三天喂食一次。而这些狗都成长得又健康又快乐。

A regular fast of one to two days duration every couple weeks will help keep your dog a lean, mean machine. For pups, limit the fast to skipping a meal or fasting for a 12 hour period, every one or two weeks. (Fasting is good for people, too.)

每两周就有规律地停喂一到两天有助于保持狗苗条良好的状态。对于小狗，则要把这样每隔一两周的停喂减到只是停喂一顿或者是停喂十二小时。（停食对于人来说也是有利的）

Billinghurst's Ten Secrets of Successful Puppy Rearing:

毕林格赫斯特成功喂养小狗的十个秘诀：

· First Secret: Heaps of raw meaty bones -- 60-80% of total food intake

· Second Secret: Grow your pup slowly, lean and slightly hungry, not at maximum growth rate.

· Third Secret: Feed your pup a wide variety of natural foods.

· Fourth Secret: Feed your pup mostly raw foods.

· Fifth Secret: Feed your pup foods suitable for growth, high in good-quality protein, fats, vitamins and minerals.

· Sixth Secret: Do not base the diet of your pup on raw steak, commercial dog food and calcium supplements.

· Seventh Secret: The only exercise allowed is play (and eating exercise).

· Eight Secret: Have your pup spend most of his day outside in the fresh air on clean earth and grass, in the sun, with ample fresh water available.

· Ninth Secret: Diet balanced over time, not by providing balance in every meal.

· Tenth Secret: Is a puppy raised with love, resulting in a strong immune system, a puppy that is "watched," and fed according to his weight, condition and general health.

1． 切换到喂食生的带肉的骨头——要占到总食粮的60%——80%。

2． 让你的小狗缓慢地，苗条地稍微带些饥饿感地成长，不要让它们以最快的速度生长。

3． 给小狗喂食种类繁多的自然食品。

4． 基本上给小狗喂食生食。

5． 给你的小狗喂食对适合生长的食物，富含高质量的蛋白质，脂肪维生素和矿物质。

6． 不要主要给小狗喂食生的牛排，商业狗粮和钙片。

7． 对小狗来说唯一适合的训练就是玩耍（或者还有进食训练）

8． 让你的狗大多数时间都呆在室外，呼吸新鲜空气，在干净的土地上和草地上玩耍，享受充足的光照，同时保证其有充足的水源补充。

9． 总的来说喂养的食品要营养均衡，但不是每一顿都要追求营养均衡。

10． 如果一个 小狗在充满爱心的环境下成长，那么它会拥有更强的免疫力。要关注你的 小狗，要根据它的体重，身体条件和健康状况来喂养你的小狗

高加索犬是世界上体型最大的猛犬之一，高加索的平均寿命在9-11岁之间，因此高加索犬的发育速度是非常快的。随着高加索犬的成长和发育，狗狗的身体和生活习惯也会发生逐渐的改变，为此饲养者也需要根据高加索犬的年纪变化来制定正确的饲养方法，让高加索犬能健康快乐的成长。
在春季，气温逐渐的回升，细菌和病毒也在开始逐渐的滋生和繁殖，为此春季是一个疾病的高发季节。在这个季节里，饲养者一定要注重狗狗的饮食卫生和健康，饲养者要及时清洗狗狗的饮食餐具，及时的进行消毒处理，以保证高加索犬的饮食健康。
在炎热的夏季，高加索犬还容易出现挑食偏食甚至是拒绝饮食的情况。同时，炎热的夏季食物还非常容易腐烂变质，为此饲养者要保证喂养食物的新鲜和质量，过夜的食物或者是每餐剩余的食物，都不要在下次喂食的时候在给狗狗吃。同时喂养之前最好检查食物是否新鲜健康，然后在喂食给高加索犬吃。
夏天，气温高时很容易引起食欲不振。天气过热而引起身体不适的原因主要分为两种，一种是因为温差过大而引起自律神经混乱，另外一种原因是因偏食而引起的营养素不足。夏天总是待在室内的狗，—下子放到地面温度50度的马路上的话，就会因温差过大而引起自律神经混乱。
在冬季里，饲养者也要引导高加索犬进行必要和适量的运动，防止冬天里狗狗会因为摄入的热量没办法消耗而变得肥胖。同时，在冬季的时候，饲养者还要注意掌握喂食的分量，根据狗狗的身体要求和运动的量，给与高加索犬最合适的的饮食管理。
除了必要的饮食管理和照顾，饲养者还要为宠物狗做好养护的工作，每天定时的为高加索犬处理1次毛发，每个星期刷牙3-4次，做好牙齿保健的工作。
当然在狗狗接受疫苗注射后，还要定期的给狗狗洗澡、修剪指甲等等。让高加索犬能健康的成长。
本条内容来源于：中国农业出版社《中国生态系统定位观测与研究数据》