蒲松龄的《口技》创作背景知道吗?

2025-02-27 05:13:29
推荐回答(2个)
回答(1):

创作背景
《口技》一文选自清代张潮所辑的《虞初新志•秋声诗自序》。《虞初新志》是清代张潮编选的笔记小说,多系浙江人士的文章。林嗣环以福建人的撰述杂于其间,可推想《口技》是他流寓杭州时所作,时间应在清康熙初年,即17世纪70年代前后。
《口技》一文,原是作为林嗣环的《秋声诗》的序言。作者曾说:“嘻,若而入者,可谓善画声矣!遂录其语以为《秋声》序。”原意是借口技艺人的“善画声”,说明《秋声诗》亦是“善画声”的诗作。而所谓“善画”,就是今天人们常说的善于绘声绘色地作描写。他的《秋声诗》如何,且不去论它。但是玩味《口技》一文,却可以看出笔者所说的这种艺术匠心及艺术特色。
《口技》作为《秋声诗自序》的一部分,它的前面有这样一些话:“彻呆子当正秋之日,杜门简出,毡有针,壁有衷甲,若无可排解者。然每听谣诼之来,则濡墨吮笔而为诗,诗成,以秋声名篇。适有数客至,不问何人,留共醉,酒酣,令客各举似何声最佳。一客曰:‘机声,儿子读书声佳耳。’予曰:‘何言之庄也?’又一客曰:‘堂下呵驺声,堂后笙歌声何如?’予曰:‘何言之华也?’又一客曰:‘姑妇楸枰声最佳。’曰:‘何言玄也?’一客独嘿嘿,乃取大杯满酌而前曰:‘先生喜闻人所末闻,仆请数言为先生抚掌可乎?’”
后面有这样一些话:“嘻!若而入者,可谓善画声矣。遂录其语,以为秋声序。”之后还有编者张潮的评语,说:“绝世奇技,复得此奇文以传之,读竟,辄浮大白。”
编者的评语说得不够清楚,就强调“绝世奇技”说,似乎“奇文”是指“口技”一部分,若然,以“浮大白”表示极度赞赏,大概可以得到多数人首肯;可是下面分明说的是“此奇文”,指名道姓应该是《秋声诗自序》,这就有商榷的余地了。
文,有常道,有常法,可以奇,或者说,最好能奇,但无论如何奇,要不出常道常法之外。《秋声诗自序》则不然。奇则奇矣,可是以常道常法绳之,就大有问题。问题的症结在于,就为诗集作序而言,这样大写口技之妙是离了题,喧宾夺主。
当然文章可以撇开一笔写,甚至貌似离题写。但貌似离题,而实际是扣题更紧。《秋声诗自序》则不能,撇开秋声诗而绘影绘声地写口技,究竟秋声之诗与口技之妙有什么关系呢?是秋声之诗可以与口技之妙比美吗?还是秋声之诗比口技之妙值得欣赏呢?文章没有明确地告诉读者。因此,我们无妨说,张潮的赞叹未免有点投其所好。

回答(2):

出生于一个逐渐败落的中小地主兼商人家庭。19岁应童子试,接连考取县、府、道三个第一,名震一时。补博士弟子员。以后屡试不第,直至71岁时才成岁贡生。为生活所迫,他除了应同邑人宝应县知县孙蕙之请,为其做幕宾数年之外,主要是在本县西铺村毕际友家做塾师,舌耕笔耘,近42年,直至61岁时方撤帐归家。直到70岁才中举,1715年正月病逝,享年75岁。创作出著名的文言文短篇小说集《聊斋志异》。

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