施琅大将军的主要的功绩

2025-03-24 21:59:10
推荐回答(5个)
回答(1):

施琅(1621年-1696年),字尊侯,号琢公,福建省泉州府晋江县(今晋江市龙湖镇衙口村)人,祖籍河南固始,明末清初军事家,清朝初期重要将领。少年施琅不喜爱读书,弃书习剑,精通兵法并且智勇双全。

初次降清施琅早年为明将军总兵郑芝龙(郑成功的父亲)的部下,身先士卒,屡战奇功。后来清兵南下,势如破竹,郑芝龙临危降敌施琅也就随之投降了清军。

投奔郑成功 郑成功耻于其父亲的降清行径与之决裂,继续抗清。郑成功很看中施琅的军事才能,多次游说他,加之施琅在清军中寄人篱下不受赏识,考虑了许久最终投奔了郑成功。施琅跟随郑成功征战多处,屡建战功,名气是越来越大。

再次降清 史料记载施琅为人直率,性格耿直之处颇多,做事很多不顾上级的颜面,直言不讳,易于冲动,与上司郑成功积累了重重矛盾,因曾德事件与郑成功公开决裂,最终酿成父亲,弟弟被郑成功诛杀的大戾。施琅走投无路,又报仇心切被迫于顺治八年再次投降了清朝。

效力清廷康熙二十二年,在清政府平定了“三番”之乱后,施琅率领清军渡海东征,一举攻克澎湖招降台湾郑氏集团。当时清廷内部对台湾地位的重要性认识不足,对是否留台存在很大的争议。施琅上疏力主留台卫台。在分管兵部的清朝东阁大学士(宰相)潘湖叟黄锡衮的支持下,施琅的意见打动了康熙帝和朝中大臣,清廷终于决定在台湾设府县管理,屯兵戍守。

施琅三度改易门庭,两次在明朝军队效力,又两次投降清军,这样的经历难免惹来后人的非议。与同时代的史可法等人对比,道德上显然有些立不住脚。然而,就此否定施琅的功绩未免有失偏颇,因为施琅不仅有平台之功,更有保台护岛之功.

各部族之间的征战自然会产生各民族的英雄传奇,它的历史意义是不朽的,其精神也具有普遍的道德意义。但是,作为居于主干地位的汉族,在处理这些历史人物时显然需要更多的细心和谨慎;具体到在面对施琅这一个案的时候,显然应该把版图、利益这样的概念放在思考的首位。

“平台千古,复台千古;郑氏一人,施氏一人。”这是对郑成功和施琅功绩客观、完美的写照。至于施琅究竟是叛徒还是忠臣自有后人评说。

回答(2):

施琅主要成就
攻取台湾
统一台湾是施琅一贯的主张。从1664年开始,施琅就建议进军澎湖、台湾,使四海归一。在他因飓风所阻,两次进军澎湖、台湾失败后,仍矢志统一台湾,再次上疏要求征台。施琅反对清政府的迁界禁海政策,指出这一政策不合于“天下一统”,又影响财政收入,应尽快“讨平台湾”,“百姓得享升平,国家获增饷税”。清政府当时没有采纳他的意见,将他调入京师为官。在京期间,他一面继续上疏征台,争取康熙帝的支持;一面广交朝中大臣,争取他们对统一台湾事业的理解和支持。
施琅上任以后,积极训练水师,督造战船,选拔将领,全心筹措征台计划。他于1683年(康熙二十二年)六月中旬,率清军大举进攻,不久占领澎湖,刘国轩逃往台湾。清军占领澎湖后,郑克塽败局已定,但施琅却不忙于进军台湾,而是着眼于做争取郑克塽及其军队的工作。他厚待投降和被俘的郑军将士,稳定民心;同时建议朝廷“颁赦招抚”郑氏,以争取和平统一台湾。康熙帝同意他的招抚政策。郑克塽、刘国轩见施琅“无屠戮意”,也愿意归顺。从此台湾成为清朝疆域的一部分。

保台之论
施琅统一台湾后,清廷内部产生了一场对台湾的弃留之争。在大臣中主张守而不弃者,居然只有少数人,即如姚启圣和施琅等。施琅是经过对台湾的亲身调查研究而据理力争的。“台湾一地,虽属外岛,实关四省之要害”,“弃之必酿成大祸,留之诚永固边圉”。

回答(3):

施琅——收复台湾的民族英雄

回答(4):

是狼是郑成功手下叛徒,与吴三桂一路货色…

回答(5):

施琅=吴三桂=范文程

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