na2co3溶液各物质的浓度比较大小

2025-04-06 15:04:32
推荐回答(2个)
回答(1):

Na2CO3溶液中
(1)盐的电离:Na2CO3 = 2Na+ + CO32-
(2)酸根水解:CO32- + H2O --- HCO3- + OH- (第一步水解)
HCO3- + H2O --- H2CO3 + OH- (第二步水解)
(3)水的电离:H2O --- H+ + OH-
【答1】HCO3- >> H+ 。原因:HCO3- 与 第一步水解出的OH-浓度相等,
溶液的碱性也由第一步水解决定,假定pH=10,
则c(HCO3-)约等于第一步水解出的c(OH-),约为10^-4 mol/L;
而溶液中的 H+ 为10^-10 mol/L,故浓度HCO3- 远大于 H+

【答2】H2CO3和H+的浓度不确定。一般而言,两步水解程度相差10^5个数量级;
仍以pH=10为例,c(OH-)约为10^-4 mol/L,则c(H2CO3)约为10^-9 mol/L;
而c(H+ )为10^-10 mol/L;(结果是H+略少)
而以pH=9为例,c(OH-)约为10^-5 mol/L,则c(H2CO3)约为10^-10 mol/L;
而c(H+ )为10^-9 mol/L;(结果是H+略多)
事实上,你放心,没有哪道题要比较H2CO3和H+的浓度。呵呵~~~~

【答3】不大明白你的意思。你的想法很有发散性,但是也不用考虑那么麻烦。
你只需知道,由pH能计算c(H+),比如说pH=10,则c(H+)=10^-10 mol/L;
而你所说的NanK,水解产生HnK的浓度很可能会在10^-5n mol/L 级别。

回答(2):

H+》HcO3->H2CO3
因为开始放入碳酸时。电离大于水解溶液显酸性,故H+(水还要提供一部分H离子0)》于HCO3-(H+抑制了碳酸氢更的水解),而碳酸是弱酸,其第二步水解更是很弱的。故HCO3就很小。
加入弱酸的酸式盐,弱酸根会和水相结合,产生弱酸。促使水解的方程向右移H离子的浓度增大,而形成的弱酸,比较少~
其实后面那个如果不是具体的弱酸的酸式更确实不好说~

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