“现在完成时 ” 和 “过去完成时” 有什么区别？

2024-11-30 16:13:43

推荐回答（4个）

回答（1）：

比较过去时与现在完成时

1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语

共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately

现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语

3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
举例：
I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.

---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

过去完成时

1）概念：表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前那时现在

2）用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
前一句应用过去进行时。

注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.

回答（2）：

一、从结构上区别
现在完成时：主语 + have / has + 过去分词（肯定式）
主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词（否定式）
Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词（疑问式）

过去完成时：主语 + had + 过去分词（肯定式）
主语 +had + not + 过去分词（否定式）
Had + 主语 + 过去分词（疑问式）

(二)从时间状语区别
现在完成时: 常用的时间状语包括 “now, today, tonight, this week, this year, already, yet, just, recently…etc”。
过去完成时: 常用的时间状语包括 “by, at, before等构成的短语”。
注意：当表示一段时间，现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的状语。
例如：Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃午饭了吗？
Yes, I have . I’ve just had it. 是的，我刚吃完。
I have had a clock now. 我现在有一个闹钟了。
Have you already posted the photos? 你把照片寄走了吗？
The meeting had begun when we got there. 我们到那儿时，会议已经开始了。
We had learned about 5000English words by the end of last term.
到上学期末我们已经学了5000个英语单词。
They had done the work at five o’clock. 在五点钟的时候他们已经完成了那项工作。
I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李蕾已经三年了。
I have worked here since ten years ago. 自从十年前我就在这工作。
We had not heard from him since we left here. 自从我们离开以来一直没有收到他的来信。
They had then been without sleep for twenty-four hours.这时他们已经有24个小时没有合眼了。
(三)使用时注意事项
使用现在完成时应该注意：
1.“ have/ has got ”形式上是一种完成时，但和have/ has 为同一意义，即 “有”。
例如：Have you got a pen-friend? 你有笔友吗？
Yes, I have. 是的，我有。
Has he got a lot of work to do? 他有许多工作要做吗？
No, he hasn’t. 不，他没有。
2. have/ has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区别
have/ has gone to 强调“去而未归”； have/ has been to 强调“去而归还”。 have/ has
been to常和once, twice, never, ever连用； have/ has gone to则不可。例如：
— Have Jack ever been to Beijing? 杰克去过北京吗？
— Yes, he’s been there several times. 是的，他去过好几次了。
— Where have Mary and Tom gone? 玛丽和汤姆去哪里了？
— They’ve gone to London. 他们去伦敦了。
3.非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。
这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它们能够
用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。例如：
arrive, come → be here, be in
begin, start → be on
buy → have
die → be dead
fall asleep(ill) → be asleep (ill)
finish, end → be over
get to know → know
get up → be up
go out → be out
join → be in , be a + 名词
leave, move → be away, be out of
使用过去完成时应该注意：
如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时。例如：
When she came into the room, she found them sitting together singing.
她进屋时看见他们坐在一起唱歌。
After we said good-bye to our friends, we left the village.
在和朋友告别之后我们就离开村子。
来自百度知道..

回答（3）：

这个太麻烦了,其实"现在完成时 ” 和 “过去完成时” 的区别,简单的说,"现在完成时 ”是现在刚做完的事,“过去完成时” 是过去的过去完成的动作

回答（4）：

“现在完成时 ”就是强调过去做的事情一直延续到现在,强调对现在的影响,

“过去完成时”是过去的过去发生的事情,

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