谁能透彻的讲解一下:过去进行时和过去完成时?

2024-11-15 17:37:59
推荐回答(2个)
回答(1):

过去完成时 1) 概念:表示过去的过去。其构成是had +过去分词构成。
2) 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如: She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。 b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如: When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。 c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示原本…,未能…。例如: We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如: He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。典型例题 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案D. 把书忘在办公室发生在去取书这一过去的动作之前,因此忘了书这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在同学们正忙于……这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。注意: had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如:I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如:He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。

过去进行时 1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。3) 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如: My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。 It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。典型例题1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when表时间的同时性,玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为当……之时。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。句中的 fell(fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick

回答(2):

过去进行时表达的是过去某一个时刻或者某一段时间正在做的事情,它强调的重点在于“正在做”。结构是主语+be动词的过去式+动词的现在分词(其实就是doing)+宾语
例句:He was having dinner at 6:00 pm yesterday.
昨天下午6点,他正在吃晚饭。(注意6点是个点时间,就是个具体的时间,而且是“正在吃”)

过去完成时表达的是过去某一个时候或某段时间做过的事情,以及对现在的影响,它的重点在于强调“做过”和“对现在的影响”。结构是主语+助动词(have/has)+动词的过去分词+宾语
例句:How long have you been in China?
你在中国待了多久?
I've been in China for 3 years.
我在中国待了3年。
注意在这个句子里,表达的是“在”(been)对现在的影响,即在中国待了几年。