铁、铝、铜是日常生活中使用最广泛的金属.(1)上述三种金属中,人类最早大规模冶炼和使用的是铜,最晚

2025-04-07 08:27:45
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

(1)在金属活动性顺序中,铝远远排在铜的前面,铝的化学性质的活泼性远强于铜,限于古代化学的发展,应先冶炼和使用铜,故选B;
(2)由表中的数据可知,由于铁的硬度比铝的硬度大.所以,碎石用的大锤常用铁制而不用铝制;
(3)由质量守恒定律可知:反应前后原子的种类、数目不变.由题干中化学方程式的左边有2个铝原子、2个钠原子、4个氧原子和6个氢原子,右边偏铝酸钠中只有2个钠原子、2个铝原子和4个氧原子,因此3个X分子中含有6个氢原子,所以一个X分子中含有2个氢原子,即X化学式为H2.将铝丝浸入硫酸铜溶液中,铝与硫酸铜反应生成了硫酸铝和铜,反应的方程式是:2Al+3CuSO4═Al2(SO43+3Cu;
(4)Cu2S中铜元素的质量分数为:

64×2
64×2+32
×100%=80%;
设理论上可以炼出铜的质量为X
   Cu2S+O2
 高温 
 
2Cu+SO2
   160          128
500吨×80%       X
160
128
500×80% 
X
   解得:X=320吨
故答为(1)B;(2)铁的硬度比铝的硬度大;(3)H2,2Al+3CuSO4═Al2(SO43+3Cu;(4)80%;,320吨.

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