证明:因为Sn=1+2²+3²+.......+n²
当n=1时,S1=1代入Sn=n(n+1)(2n+1)1/6 显然成立
假设当n=k时,Sk=1+2²+3²+........+k²=k(k+1)(2k+1)/6成立
则当n=k+1时,
S(k+1)=1+2²+3²+........+k²+(k+1)²
=Sk+(k+1)²
=k(k+1)(2k+1)/6+(k+1)²
=(k+1)[k(2k+1)/6+k+1]
=(k+1)(2k²+7k+6)/6=(k+1)(k+2)(2k+3)/6
=(k+1)(k+2)[2(k+1)+1]/6
于是当n=k+1时,S(k+1)=(k+1)(k+2)[2(k+1)+1]/6也成立
所以对一切正整数n,Sn=n(n+1)(2n+1)1/6成立。
n=1略
设n=k成立
1²+……+k²=k(k+1)(2n+1)/6
则1²+……+k²+(k+1)²
=k(k+1)(2n+1)/6+(k+1)²
=(k+1)[k(2k+1)+6(k+1)]/6
=(k+1)(2k²+8k+6)/6
=(k+1)(k+2)(2k+3)/6
=(k+1)[(k+1)+1][2(k+1)+1]/6
综上
命题得证