推荐回答(2个)
明代江西吉水出了一个著名学者,名叫解缙。他通晓琴棋书画,谙熟诗词曲赋,才思敏捷,出口成章,幽默风趣,尤其善对对联,留下了许多佳话。
解缙,出身在一个贫寒家庭,从小就立志刻苦读书,欲大济天下。
解缙九岁那年,塾师带他到江中去洗澡。塾师脱下衣服挂在树叉上,随口出对:
千年古树当衣架
解缙望着滔滔江水,应声答对:
万里长江作浴盆
洗完了澡,他们走在回家的路上,迎面遇见一位过客,向他们打听一户人家的住处。过客话音刚落,解缙用手朝街心一指,吟道:“杨柳东西摆,石狮左右蹲,红杏墙头出,绿荫有家门。”过客见他小小年纪才思敏捷,十分称赞,就问他是谁家的孩子,父母做什么营生。解缙笑盈盈地说出一副对联:
父亲肩挑日月
母亲手转乾坤
过客想了半天,莫名究竟。塾师笑着告诉他:“先生有所不知,他家以卖豆腐为生,母亲终日推磨磨豆腐,父亲挑着豆腐沿街叫卖,不正是‘肩挑日月、手转乾坤’么?”过客一听,赞叹不已。
解缙家的对门住着的是一个良田千顷、家财万贯的缙绅赵员外。
有一年腊月三十,赵员外府上张灯结彩,杀鸡宰鹅,准备欢度春节。解缙家却是家徒四壁,铁锅冷灶。解缙心想,过年了,也该帖副春联庆贺一番。他望了一眼对门赵员外家那片青翠葱茏的竹园,取出笔墨纸砚,提笔写了一副春联:
门对千棵竹
家藏万卷书
大年初一,赵员外出门看见这副春联,大为恼火,穷人过年,还穷快乐。他叫来奴仆,下令把满园翠竹砍得精光。解缙看到这个情景,明白这是赵员外阴暗心理使然,心中既十分痛恨又十分痛快,他又在对联的末尾各加上一个字,变成:
门对千棵竹短
家藏万卷书长
赵员外一见,怒气冲天,下令把竹蔸连根统统拔掉。解缙一见,又在对联的末尾各添加了一个字,变成:
门对千棵竹短无
家藏万卷书长有
赵员外见了气得说不出话来,把自己的胡须拔下了一大把。
从此,解缙的名声传遍了吉水一带。
吉水有位赋闲在家的尚书,听说解缙对联好生了得,却不相信,故意派人请来解缙,准备出几个上联要他答对,要他当众出丑。
尚书派人请来解缙,却不让他从大门进府,而是从一条低窄的夹道里进去。解缙拒而不入。尚书闻讯后走出府门,吟出上联:
小犬无知嫌路窄
解缙昂首挺胸,应声对答下联:
大鹏有志恨天低
尚书只得邀他从大门走进官邸。
走进客厅,刚一落座,尚书一位幕僚已经吟出一则上联:
天作棋盘星作子,谁人能下
解缙应声对答下联:
地为琵琶路为弦,哪个敢弹
尚书见解缙身穿绿袍,又出一则上联:
出井蛤蟆穿绿袄
解缙朝尚书望了一眼,只见他身穿大红官袍,顺口吟出下联:
落锅螃蟹着红袍
尚书十分气恼,但强作镇静,又出了一则上联:
二猿断木深山中,小猴子也敢对锯(句)
解缙毫不客气,立即反击:
一马陷足污泥内,老畜生怎能出蹄(题)
在座的人无不掩面而笑,唯有尚书老爷张口结舌,满面羞愧,只好借口身体不适而退。
吉水有位颇出名的秀才,人称红秀才,听说解缙诗词属对精通,很想与他比试比试。一天,红秀才找到解缙说:“我昨天来亲戚家做客,先乘牛车,后乘驴子,最后乘马,还是马跑得快;来到主人门前,马一叫,鸡鸭受惊乱飞,被天空中的老鹰抓去一只。于是我想到一副对联,特写出来,向世兄请教。对联是:
牛跑、驴跑,跑不过马
鸡飞、鸭飞,飞不过鹰
解缙一看就知道:这上联隐含着他文思敏捷,行文来得快的意思;这下联暗喻他是老鹰,是会抓小鸡的。意思是将要把解缙当作小鸡一样抓住。解缙治学严谨,向来就看不惯那些徒具虚名而无真才实学却又喜欢卖弄才华的人,他哈哈一笑说:“我也送先生一副对联。”于是提笔写道:
墙上芦苇,头重脚轻根底浅
山间竹笋,嘴尖皮厚腹中空
红秀才看罢,顿时满脸羞愧,气得浑身发抖,可又无言以对,于是拂袖而去。
进退两难
从前,有位秀才在结婚的当天早上,父亲突然去世,只好丧事喜事一起办。
按风俗,丧事喜事都要贴对联,秀才犯了难,有位文人却写了一副对联:
临亲丧,作新郎,哭乎?笑乎?细思量,哭笑不得
辞灵堂,入洞房,进耶?退耶?再斟酌,进退两难
这副对联,真实的描绘了当时秀才悲喜交加的矛盾心理。
贪官受辱
清朝有个知县叫王寅,贪脏枉法,有位先生写了一副对联叫人贴到了县衙的门口,联道:
王好货,不论金银铜铁
寅属虎,全需鸡犬牛羊
针砭人情冷暖
清代浙江钱某未中举人时,时常遭亲友冷遇,后来中了举人,亲戚豪富争相祝贺,
他针对这一反差,手书一联贴在大门上:
去岁饥荒,五六七月间,柴米尽焦枯,贫无一寸铁,赊不得,欠不得,虽有近戚远亲,谁肯雪中送碳
今朝科举,一二三场内,文章皆合式,中了五经魁,名也香,姓也香,不拘张三李四,都来锦上添花
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