生铁是用石墨坩埚冶炼吗

生铁是用石墨坩埚冶炼吗
2025-04-06 14:04:11
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

不是的,铸铁坩埚是生铁翻铸而成,用于熔化铝合金、锌合金、铅合金、锡合金、锑合金等金属的皿器,比铁坩埚更加耐用。
炼铁所用的原材料以铁矿石( Fe2O3)为主,熔炼时将铁矿石、焦炭(燃料)、石灰石(助溶剂)等炉料一同装入高炉中,在一定温度和压力下,经过一系列化学反应,使矿石还原为铁。
这种直接由矿石熔炼所得到的铁称为生铁。由于炼铁过程中铁矿石、焦炭、石灰石等是混在一起的,还原出来的铁水与焦炭、炉渣等直接接触,焦炭中的碳、硫等元素会渗入到铁水当中。同时,高温炉气中的化学气体也会与铁发生化学反应,形成的产物也会混入到铁水当中。因此,生铁中杂质含量较高,其中主要的杂质有碳、硅、锰、硫、磷五种基本元素及一些非金属夹杂物等。
炉料中的石灰石( CaO)起造渣、助熔作用,它可降低铁矿石的熔化温度,同时还会与铁水中其他元素发生作用而形成炉渣,覆盖在铁水表面,起保护铁水和保温作用。
生铁熔炼后做成生铁锭向市场销售。按用途分生铁锭有两种:铸造生铁和炼钢生铁。
铸造生铁:断口呈暗灰色,硅的质量分数较高,主要用于铸铁件生产。
炼钢生铁:断口呈亮白色,硅的质量分数较低,主要用于炼钢时配料。

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