在网络编程过程中需要向服务器上传文件。Multipart/form-data是上传文件的一种方式。
Multipart/form-data其实就是浏览器用表单上传文件的方式。最常见的情境是：在写邮件时，向邮件后添加附件，附件通常使用表单添加，也就是用multipart/form-data格式上传到服务器。
表单形式上传附件
具体的步骤是怎样的呢？
首先，客户端和服务器建立连接（TCP协议）。
第二，客户端可以向服务器端发送数据。因为上传文件实质上也是向服务器端发送请求。
第三，客户端按照符合“multipart/form-data”的格式向服务器端发送数据。
Multipart/form-data的格式是怎样的呢？
既然Multipart/form-data格式就是浏览器用表单提交数据的格式，我们就来看看文件经过浏览器编码后是什么样子。
//---------------------------------------
// this is the demo code of using multipart/form-data to upload text and
photos.
// -use WinInet APIs.
//
//
// connection handlers.
//
HRESULT hr;
HINTERNET m_hOpen;
HINTERNET m_hConnect;
HINTERNET m_hRequest;
//
// make connection.
//
...
//
// form the content.
//
std::wstring strBoundary = std::wstring(L"------------------");
std::wstring wstrHeader(L"Content-Type: multipart/form-data, boundary=");
wstrHeader += strBoundary;
HttpAddRequestHeaders(m_hRequest, wstrHeader.c_str(),
DWORD(wstrHeader.size()), HTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD);
//
// "std::wstring strPhotoPath" is the name of photo to upload.
//
//
// uploaded photo form-part begin.
//
std::wstring strMultipartFirst(L"--");
strMultipartFirst += strBoundary;
strMultipartFirst += L"\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"pic\";
filename=";
strMultipartFirst += L"\"" + strPhotoPath + L"\"";
strMultipartFirst += L"\r\nContent-Type: image/jpeg\r\n\r\n";
//
// "std::wstring strTextContent" is the text to uploaded.
//
//
// uploaded text form-part begin.
//
std::wstring strMultipartInter(L"\r\n--");
strMultipartInter += strBoundary;
strMultipartInter += L"\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data;
name=\"status\"\r\n\r\n";
std::wstring
wstrPostDataUrlEncode(CEncodeTool::Encode_Url(strTextContent));
// add text content to send.
strMultipartInter += wstrPostDataUrlEncode;
std::wstring strMultipartEnd(L"\r\n--");
strMultipartEnd += strBoundary;
strMultipartEnd += L"--\r\n";
//
// open photo file.
//
// ws2s(std::wstring)
// -transform "strPhotopath" from unicode to ansi.
std::ifstream *pstdofsPicInput = new std::ifstream;
pstdofsPicInput->open((ws2s(strPhotoPath)).c_str(),
std::ios::binary|std::ios::in);
pstdofsPicInput->seekg(0, std::ios::end);
int nFileSize = pstdofsPicInput->tellg();
if(nPicFileLen == 0)
{
return E_ACCESSDENIED;
}
char *pchPicFileBuf = NULL;
try
{
pchPicFileBuf = new char[nPicFileLen];
}
catch(std::bad_alloc)
{
hr = E_FAIL;
}
if(FAILED(hr))
{
return hr;
}
pstdofsPicInput->seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
pstdofsPicInput->read(pchPicFileBuf, nPicFileLen);
if(pstdofsPicInput->bad())
{
pstdofsPicInput->close();
hr = E_FAIL;
}
delete pstdofsPicInput;
if(FAILED(hr))
{
return hr;
}
// Calculate the length of data to send.
std::string straMultipartFirst = CEncodeTool::ws2s(strMultipartFirst);
std::string straMultipartInter = CEncodeTool::ws2s(strMultipartInter);
std::string straMultipartEnd = CEncodeTool::ws2s(strMultipartEnd);
int cSendBufLen = straMultipartFirst.size() + nPicFileLen +
straMultipartInter.size() + straMultipartEnd.size();
// Allocate the buffer to temporary store the data to send.
PCHAR pchSendBuf = new CHAR[cSendBufLen];
memcpy(pchSendBuf, straMultipartFirst.c_str(),
straMultipartFirst.size());
memcpy(pchSendBuf + straMultipartFirst.size(), (const char *)pchPicFileBuf,
nPicFileLen);
memcpy(pchSendBuf + straMultipartFirst.size() + nPicFileLen,
straMultipartInter.c_str(), straMultipartInter.size());
memcpy(pchSendBuf + straMultipartFirst.size() + nPicFileLen +
straMultipartInter.size(), straMultipartEnd.c_str(),
straMultipartEnd.size());
//
// send the request data.
//
HttpSendRequest(m_hRequest, NULL, 0, (LPVOID)pchSendBuf, cSendBufLen)
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