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什么原因导致心肌梗死?心肌梗塞是我们的生活中比较常见的一种心血管疾病,心肌梗塞的出现给中老年人晚年生活带来很大影响,那么什么原因导致心肌梗死呢?下面我为大家介绍。
什么原因导致心肌梗死?
1陈旧性心肌梗塞
陈旧性心肌梗塞常根据肯定性心电图改变,没有急性心肌梗塞病史及酶变化而作出诊断。如果没有遗留心电图改变,可根据早先的典型心电图改变或根据以往肯定性血清酶改变而诊断。 心肌梗塞重在预防,必须从日常生活中的一点一滴加以注意,以下是家庭预防和治疗的基本 措施 : 家庭防治措施
2急性心肌梗塞
急性心肌梗塞的临床诊断常根据病史、心电图及血清酶的变化而作出。典型的病史是出现严重而持久的胸痛。有时,病史不典型,疼痛可以轻微,甚或没有,可以主要为其他症状。 心电图的肯定性改变是出现异常、持久的Q波或Qs波以及持续一天以上的演进性损伤电流。当心电图出现这些肯定性变化时,仅凭心电图即可作出诊断。血清酶的肯定性改变和不肯定性改变。 如是出现肯定性心电图改变或肯定性酶学变化,即可诊断为明确的急性心肌梗塞。当序列、不肯定性心电图改变持续超过24小时以上,伴有或不伴有酶的不肯定性变化,均可诊断为可能的急性心肌梗塞。
家庭预防和治疗的基本措施
1绝对不搬抬过重的物品
搬抬重物时必然要弯腰屏气,其生理效应与用力屏气大致类似,是老年冠心病人诱发心肌梗塞的常见原因。
2适度锻炼
一般来说,要达到锻炼的目的,每周至少要有三次认真的体育锻炼,每次不少于20分钟,但也不宜超过50分钟。开始时要先活动一下身体,如举臂、伸腿等。锻炼结束时要做一些放松活动,不应立即停止活动,更不应锻炼后马上上床休息,否则容易引起头晕,对心脏不利。在参加体育锻炼之前,应该先测定体力耐受程度。运动锻炼不要过度,过度会导致血压急剧上升,使左心室过度疲劳和促使发生心力衰竭。运动量一般可视年龄和健康状况而定。如果是心、肺功能都正常的人,可以根据锻炼后的最高心率限度来定。具体计算 方法 是,从220减去年龄数,再乘以O.75。例如您今年60岁,那么(220—60)x0.75:120次,如果超过120次,则会对身体产生不良影响。
3不要在饱餐或饥饿的情况下洗澡
水温最好与体温相当,水温太高可使皮肤血管明显扩张,大量血液流向体表,可造成心脑缺血。洗澡时间不宜过长,洗澡间一般闷热且不通风,在这样环境中人的代谢水平较高,极易缺氧、疲劳,老年冠心病病人更是如此。冠心病较严重的病人应在他人帮助下进行洗澡。
4要注意气候变化
在严寒或强冷空气的影响下,冠状动脉可发生痉挛并继发血栓而引起急性心肌梗塞。气候急剧变化、气压低时,冠心病病人会感到明显有不适。资料表明,低温、大风、阴雨是急性心肌梗塞的诱因之一。所以每遇气候恶劣时,冠心病病人要注意保暖,或适当加服扩冠药物进行保护。
5放松精神
愉快陕生活保持心境平和,对任何事物要能泰然处之;参加适当的体育活动但应避免竞争激烈的比赛,即使比赛也应以锻炼身体增加乐趣为目的,不以输赢论高低。
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