推荐回答(2个)
凡是大气中因悬浮的水汽凝结,能见度低于1千米时,气象学称这种天气现象为雾。
雾形成的条件:
一是冷却,二是加湿,增加水汽含量。
雾的种类:
1、辐射雾:多出现在晴朗、微风、近地面水汽比较充沛且比较稳定或有逆温存在的夜间和清晨。
2、平流雾:暖而湿的空气作水平运动,经过寒冷的地面或水面,逐渐冷却而形成的雾,气象上叫平流雾。
3、混合雾:有时兼以上有两种原因形成的雾叫混合雾。
4、蒸发雾:即冷空气流经温暖水面,如果气温与水温相差很大,则因水面蒸发大量水汽,在水面附近的冷空气便发生水汽凝结成雾。这时雾层上往往有逆温层存在,否则对流会使雾消散。所以蒸发雾范围小,强度弱,一般发生在下半年的水塘周围。
5、烟雾:城市中的烟雾是另一种原因所造成的,那就是人类的活动。早晨和晚上正是供暖锅炉的高峰期,大量排放的烟尘悬浮物和汽车尾气等污染物在低气压、风小的条件下,不易扩散,与低层空气中的水汽相结合,比较容易形成烟尘(雾),而这种烟尘(雾)持续时间往往较长。
凡是大气中因悬浮的水汽凝结,能见度低于1千米时,气象学称这种天气现象为雾.
一般来说,秋冬早晨雾特别多,为什么呢?我们知道,当空气容纳的水汽达到最大限度时,就达到了饱和.而气温愈高,空气中所能容纳的水汽也愈多.1立方米的空气,气温在4℃时,最多能容纳的水汽量是6.36克;而气温是20℃时,1立方米的空气中最多可以含水汽量是17.30克.如果空气中所含的水汽多于一定温度条件下的饱和水汽量,多余的水汽就会凝结出来,当足够多的水分了与空气中微小的灰尘颗粒结合在一起,同时水分子本身也会相互粘结,就变成小水滴或冰晶.空气中的水汽超过饱和量,凝结成水滴,这主要是气温降低造成的.
如果地面热量散失,温度下降,空气又相当潮湿,那么当它冷却到一定的程度时,空气中一部分的水汽就会凝结出来,变成很多小水滴,悬浮在近地面的空气层里,这就是雾.它和云都是由于温度下降而造成的,雾实际上也可以说是靠近地面的云.
雾的类型:
1.辐射雾:辐射雾是空气因辐射冷却达到饱和而形成的,它多出现于晴朗、微风、近地面水汽比较充沛的 夜晚或早晨,天空里无
云阻挡,地面的热量迅速向外辐射出去,地面散热冷却,近地面层的空气温 度很快降低.如果空气中水汽较多,便很快达到过饱和
状态而凝结成雾.
2.平流雾:我国春夏季节在沿海一带经常出现的海雾就属于这种平流雾,平流雾和空气的水平流动是分不 开的.当暖而潮湿的
空气流经冷的海面或陆面时,怕低层因接触冷却而凝结成雾.只要有适宜的风 向和风速,雾一旦形成,党持续很久,如果没有风或
风向转变,暖湿空气来源中断,雾也会立刻消散.
3.锋面雾:在冷暖空气的附近也常有雾产生,称为锋面雾,锋面雾一般以暖锋附近居多,锋前锋后都可能 发生,锋前雾是由于
锋面上面暖空气内云层中的较暖雨滴落入地面冷空气内,发生蒸发,合空气达 到过饱和而凝结而成的;锋后雾则是暖湿空气移至原
来被暖锋前冷空气占据过的地区冷却达到过饱 和而形成的.
4.上岥雾:这是由于潮湿的空气沿着山坡上升,绝热冷却,使空气达到过饱和而产生的雾.这种潮湿的空 气必须处于稳定的状
态,山坡的坡度又必须较小.否则就会形成对流,雾也就难以形成.
5.蒸汽雾:如果水面是暖的,而空气是冷的,当它们温差较大的时候,水汽便源源不断地从水面蒸发出来 ,闯进冷空气,然后
又从冷空气中凝结出来成为蒸汽雾.在极地区域,当温暖的洋流流到寒冷的极 地区域时,便会形成蒸汽雾;在内陆地区,白天河谷
里的水面温度升行很高,到了夜晚,山风夹带 冷空气沿着山坡滑到暖的河谷水面上,也会形成蒸汽雾;而在湖滨地区,夜间湖水比
陆面暖,当夜 间陆风吹到暖的湖面上时,便会形成比较浅薄的蒸汽雾.
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