我国古代青铜文明繁荣发展的主要因素有哪些

2025-03-13 01:23:56
推荐回答(3个)
回答(1):

中华民族具有悠久的历史与文化,是古代世界文明发达最早的国家之一,对人类历史的发展,作出了卓越的贡献. 中国文明的发展长河中,远在夏、商、周王朝就已有着光辉灿烂的青铜文明.青铜就是铜(纯铜)和锡或铅的合金,或铜、锡、铅三种元素的合金.由于铜的冶炼和多种青铜制品应用于生产、生活等领域中,社会生产力已发展到一个新阶段,昭示了社会面貌质的飞跃,凝结了青铜时代,这时有了早期的城市,相当发达的农业、手工业、文字和文化艺术.检举 回答人的补充 2009-08-18 08:16 三星堆古城的规模不仅在现存夏代至商代中叶中国范围内的城市遗址中名列前茅,也超过公元前4000年前后的美索不达米亚南部的乌尔(Ur)、乌鲁克(Uruk)和公元前3000年前后印度河流域的摩亨佐?达罗(Mohenjo-Daro)?等古代早中期著名城市,且其城市整体规划追求人与自然的和谐统一,体现出高度繁荣、布局严整的古代王都气象,表现出成熟的城市形态和独特的文不支化内涵 其具有鲜明地域特色、富有科学性的城市规划原则和建筑艺术对中国西南平原地带的都城建设产生了深刻的历史性影响.
  三星堆遗址地下遗存的丰富程度及完整程度为同期的人类古代都城遗址所罕见,以奇伟的青铜神树、青铜雕像群等为代表的青铜器群,以美仑美奂的玉璋、玉戈等为代表的玉石器群,以流光溢彩的金杖为代表的金器群,共同构成了三星堆文明的最高成就,三星堆堪称一幅人类文明社会初期无比神奇诱人的历史画卷.
  在林林总总的世界古代青铜器中,三星堆青铜器以其鲜明的东方气派、地域文化特色和强烈的艺术个性特显突出耀眼,堪称独一无二的旷世神品,其重大的历史科学文化艺术价值突破了地域性限制,具有全人类、全方位的认识意义.三星堆青铜制品数量巨大,是世界考古史上一次性出土青铜制品最多的,而且其种类繁多,造型风格神秘诡谲,精绝雄奇,在艺术价值的取向上追求人神交融、庄严神圣的超现实意象,高2.62米的青铜大立人、宽1.38米的青铜面具、高达3.95米的青铜神树等融古代科技与艺术、雕塑与绘画于一炉的蜀人秘宝,充分彰显出其作为烛照古蜀国芸芸众生的生命空间之神器所具有的神性光辉.
  不能不特别一提三星堆青铜雕像群.远古时期青铜造像的铸造及发现,在世界上也属稀有.古希腊的青铜像几乎荡然无存,美索不达米亚考古中也仅发现多是作为装饰品或饰件的小型铜人,并不形成独立的青铜文化体系.而中原地区文化传统是以尊、鼎、鬲、壶、爵、角、觯等青铜礼器为主,并无制作独立人像乃至大型神巫雕像的传统.文献所记秦始皇集天下之兵,命工匠铸十二金人,不但未得到考古证实,且时代已远远晚于三星堆时期.因而,当由数量众多的铜人头像、铜面具、全身青铜人像等构成的阵势雄浑的三星堆青铜雕像军阵在北纬30度的成都平原横空出世之际,怎不令人叹为观止、赞叹不已?!
  在三星堆众多的青铜雕像群中,高大凛然的大立人像在其中卓然独立,堪称“领袖”人物,享有“东方巨人”之誉,它是当之无愧的同时期世界上最大的青铜人物雕像.以往安阳殷墟出土的殷商玉石铜人像与之相比,真可谓是“小巫”见“大巫”.就全世界范围来看,三星堆青铜大立人的体量和高度超过了古巴比伦祭师铜像,古埃及、古印度青铜雕像更难望其项背.
  与西方古典艺术相比较,埃及法老神像、佩比铜像,乃至受希腊风格影响的塞浦路斯岛陶塑像,其造型理念都追求的是客观、写实,着力于个体性格的表现.而三星堆青铜雕像群的制像手法则极尽夸张变形之能事,通过模式化的神态营构整体精神氛围,以突出超然的神性为旨趣.以今天的艺术眼光来品评三星堆造像艺术,不能不让然叹服三星堆艺术的超前性.

回答(2):

夏商周时期,国家强盛,经济发达,制造青铜的技术水平高,还有就是为满足统治者奢侈生活的需要

回答(3):

国家统一 社会安定 夏商周时期,国家强盛,经济发达,制造青铜的技术水平高,还有就是为满足统治者奢侈生活的需要

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