三极管放大电路中的固定偏置是什么意思

2025-03-09 20:11:19
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

就是让放大器有一个工作电压,这就与动物一样,动物会于活,但是须要你给它食物让它有活动的能力!跟它一个偏值电压就是这个目的,让它无论何时都能处于放大状态,这就是你给了它食物它无论何时都会为你工作,如果没有偏值电压它将在正半工半周处于放大,[但此时信号电压将要大于二极管的开启电压否则没放大的能力]处于负半周时由于小加入的是负压所以也没放大的能力,所以为了让它有放大的能力所以从电源那接一个电阻分压为它提供,但是一个电阻分压存在很多缺点,所以接两个电阻,让偏值电压处于放大状态的中间位置,这个点就是三极管中重要的Q点,让信号在Q点上下移动。以上就是加偏置电阻的目的! 在三极管放大电路中,为了使三极管在工作时对输入信号的放大在输出端有相同的波型,即输出信号不失真,就要使三极管始终处于放大区而不进入饱和区和截止区,就要给三极管加上一个稳定的静态工作点电流,而这个电流就由三极管的偏置电阻来提供;固定偏置电阻的值可以使这个三极管的偏置电流固定在一个范围内,而往往为了精确调整这个三极管的静态工作点,还要加上一个可变微调电阻来调整。 我们仅以NPN的共发射极放大电路为例来说明一下放大电路的基本原理。 下面的分析仅对于NPN型硅。三极管的放大作用就是:集电极电流受基极电流的控制(假设电源能够提供给集电极足够大的电流的话),并且基极电流很小的变化,会引起集电极电流很大的变化,且变化满足一定的比例关系:集电极电流的变化量是基极电流变化量的β倍,即电流变化被放大了β倍,所以我们把β叫做的放大倍数(β一般远大于1 ,例如几十,几百)。如果我们将一个变化的小信号加到基极跟发射极之间,这就会引起基极电流Ib的变化,Ib的变化被放大后,导致了Ic很大的变化。如果集电极电流Ic是流过一个电阻R的,那么根据电压计算公式U=R*I可以算得,这电阻上电压就会发生很大的变化。我们将这个电阻上的电压取出来,就得到了放大后的电压信号了。 在实际的放大电路中使用时,还需要加合适的偏置电路。这有几个原因。首先是由于BE结的非线性(相当于一个二极管),基极电流必须在输入电压大到一定程度后才能产生(对于硅管,常取 0.7V)。当基极与发射极之间的电压小于 0.7V时,基极电流就可以认为是0 。但实际中要放大的信号往往远比 0.7V要小,如果不加偏置的话,这么小的信号就不足以引起基极电流的改变(因为小于 0.7V时,基极电流都是0)。如果我们事先在的基极上加上一个合适的电流. 那么当一个小信号跟这个偏置电流叠加在一起时,小信号就会导致基极电流的变化,而基极电流的变化,就会被放大并在集电极上输出。另一个原因就是输出信号范围的要求,如果没有加偏置,那么只有对那些增加的信号放大,而对减小的信号无效(因为没有偏置时集电极电流为0 ,不能再减小了)。而加上偏置,事先让集电极有一定的电流,当输入的基极电流变小时,集电极电流就可以减小;当输入的基极电流增大时,集电极电流就增大。这样减小的信号和增大的信号都可以被放大了。 偏置一定要做的好一点才行.不然的话就会有失真现象.

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