桃树对氮、磷、钾三元素的吸收有何特点?

2025-04-08 09:22:06
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

桃树果实肥大,枝叶繁茂,生长迅速,对营养需求量高,反应敏感。营养不足,树势明显衰弱,果实品质变差。桃树对营养的需求有如下特点:

(1)桃需钾素较多

其吸收量是氮素的1.6倍,尤其以果实的吸收量最大,其次是叶片。它们的吸收量占钾吸收量的91.4%。在果实的整个生长期,果实对钾的吸收是逐渐增加的,尤其是在果实生长的第二速生期,对钾的吸收迅速增加(图22)。因而满足钾素的需要是桃树丰产优质的关键。

图22 桃果实氮、磷、钾含量季节变化

注:Ⅰ.果实生长的第一速生期 Ⅱ.硬核期 Ⅲ.果实生长的第二速生期

(2)桃树需氮量较高

桃树需氮量较高且反应敏感,以叶片吸收量最大,将近总氮量的一半。充足的氮素供应是保证丰产的基础。

(3)磷、钙的吸收量也较高

与氮吸收量的比值分别为10∶4和10∶20。磷在叶、果吸收多,钙在叶片中含量最高。要注意的是,在易缺钙的沙性土中更需注意补充钙。

(4)各器官对氮、磷、钾三要素的吸收量

以氮为准,其比值分别为:叶10∶2.6∶13.7;果10∶5.2∶24;根10∶6.3∶5.4。对三要素的总吸收量的比值为10∶3~4∶13~16。

从上面看出,桃树为需钾较多的果树,在生产上要注意钾肥的施用。

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