分析金属化薄膜电容器的主要失效原因是什么?

分析金属化薄膜电容器的主要失效原因是什么?
2025-04-07 14:25:16
推荐回答(2个)
回答(1):

如下几点原因可导致失效:
1.介质击穿(未自愈);
2.介质材质因环境、温度等因素改变;
3.介质泄露;
4.内部回路、端子断裂、损坏。对于电子线路电容器除以上原因外,反接、过压也可导致失效。

回答(2):

1.局部放电造成由于加工过程中介质中存在微小气隙,金属化电容器“过度自愈”造成气隙,导致金属化薄膜电容器在高电压作用下产生局部放电,电容器内部会迅速大量的热,来不及散发,又造成周围介质的进一步破坏,局部放电加剧,形成恶性循环
2.损耗引起的电容器温升一个理想的电容器在工作时没有量耗散,但由于介质损耗和电容器内部金属电阻和接触电阻的存在,使电容器呈现明显的组态特性
在有负载时导致金属化薄膜电容器发热,并经电容器外表将热量散到周围环境中去,从中间到外表之间建立一个温度梯度,当发热量小时,发散热平衡;当发热量大时,发散热不能平衡,电容器温度升高,导致失效,引起外壳膨胀、变形、开裂、膜熔融成团块,严重时会发现燃烧等现象
为此,损耗是发热的根源,造成金属化薄膜电容器失效的主要因素

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