推荐回答（1个）
ABS树脂（丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物,ABS是Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene的首字母缩写）是一种强度高、韧性好、易于加工成型的热塑型高分子材料.结构 ABS树脂是丙烯腈（Acrylonitrile）、1,3-丁二烯（Butadiene）、苯乙烯（Styrene）三种单体的接枝共聚物.它的分子式可以写为(C8H8·C4H6·C3H3N)x,但实际上往往是含丁二烯的接枝共聚物与丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物的混合物,其中,丙烯腈占15%~35%,丁二烯占5%~30%,苯乙烯占40%~60%,最常见的比例是A:B:S=20:30:50,此时ABS树脂熔点为175℃.随着三种成分比例的调整,树脂的物理性能会有一定的变化：1,3-丁二烯为ABS树脂提供低温延展性和抗冲击性,但是过多的丁二烯会降低树脂的硬度、光泽及流动性； 丙烯腈为ABS树脂提供硬度、耐热性、耐酸碱盐等化学腐蚀的性质； 苯乙烯为ABS树脂提供硬度、加工的流动性及产品表面的光洁度.性质 ABS树脂是微黄色固体,有一定的韧性,密度约为1.04~1.06 g/cm3.它抗酸、碱、盐的腐蚀能力比较强,也可在一定程度上耐受有机溶剂溶解.ABS树脂可以在-25℃~60℃的环境下表现正常,而且有很好的成型性,加工出的产品表面光洁,易于染色和电镀.因此它可以被用于家电外壳、玩具等日常用品.常见的乐高积木就是ABS制品.ABS树脂可与多种树脂配混成共混物,如PC/ABS、ABS/PVC、PA/ABS、PBT/ABS等,产生新性能和新的应用领域,如：将ABS树脂和PMMA混合,可制造出透明ABS树脂.生产 ABS有两种主要的工业生产方法：将丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物（AS）与聚丁二烯（B）混合,或这将两种胶乳混合后再共聚； 在聚丁二烯胶乳中加入丙烯腈及苯乙烯单体进行接枝共聚.生产1公斤ABS树脂需要的原料和能源大约相当于生产2公斤石油.奇美实业是世界上最大的ABS树脂生产商,其在台南及镇江的工厂每年大约生产130万吨ABS树脂.其他主要的ABS树脂生产厂商包括：拜耳化工、LG化学、GE塑料、巴斯夫及陶氏化工等.结构、性质和应用 在ABS树脂中,橡胶颗粒呈分散相,分散于SAN树脂连续相中.当受冲击时,交联的橡胶颗粒承受并吸收这种能量,使应力分散,从而阻止裂口发展,以此提高抗撕性能.接枝共聚合的目的在于改进橡胶粒表面与树脂相的兼容性和粘合力.这与游离 SAN树脂的多少和接枝在橡胶主链上的 SAN树脂组成有关.这两种树脂中丙烯腈含量之差不宜太大,否则兼容性不好,会导致橡胶与树脂界面的龟裂.ABS树脂可用注塑、挤出、真空、吹塑及辊压等成型法加工为塑料,还可用机械、粘合、涂层、真空蒸着等法进行二次加工.由于其综合性能优良,用途比较广泛,主要用作工程材料,也可用于家庭生活用具.由于其耐油和耐酸、碱、盐及化学试剂等性能良好,并具有可电镀性,镀上金属层后有光泽好、比重轻、价格低等优点,可用来代替某些金属.还可合成自熄型和耐热型等许多品种,以适应各种用途.
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