推荐回答（1个）
、品种选择 选用本黄瓜、海杨行黄瓜、农14号等优质高产品种 二、培育壮苗 棚黄瓜播种期12月旬至1月、旬宜采用棚加拱棚(或棚电热温床)育苗苗龄40—45播种量每亩约0.1公斤先种清水浸湿再放入55℃热水水量种3—4倍停搅拌待水温降30℃左右置室温浸种1—2待用选近几未种瓜类作物块作苗床整平床土浇足底水24播种每平米床面撒播种0.2公斤覆药土2厘米(50公斤土泥灰+1.5公斤钙镁磷肥+0.15公斤代森锌+0.15公斤托布津) 播种至叶土需要维持较高温度所温15℃棚围裙；气温10℃傍晚拱棚始盖草帘具体温度要求：白保持25℃—30℃左右夜间20℃左右幼苗土适降温白25℃左右夜间16℃左右播4—5苗移入营养钵移苗至棵前适高温高湿苗床内保持25—30℃3—4逐渐降温白控制20—25℃夜间14—16℃防徒苗期经保持床土湿润浇水要选择晴进行结合用0.2%磷酸二氢钾+0.2%尿素追肥施充通风促壮苗 三、适定植 棚套拱棚加膜、草帘栽培于2月旬至3月旬苗龄40—45株高15—20厘米5—6片真叶定植般每畦栽二行株行距40—60cm,每亩栽2500-2700株 四、加强田间管理 1、肥水管理定植前半月畦沟施入基肥每亩施栏肥1500公斤粪尿1000公斤复合肥45公斤定植棵每亩施粪尿1000公斤15再追肥黄瓜快肥水供应要及施肥采用薄肥勤施、少量餐原则般每采收两追肥整期要保持土壤湿润进入盛瓜期根据土壤含水量每隔1—2周浇水、灌水 2、温度控制定植要保持较高棚温利缓苗缓苗加强保温、防冻通风、防热烧等措施般晴白棚内气温达28—30℃通风；阴适通风保持温度20℃左右夜间棚温15℃(低于10℃)棚内拱棚草帘等要早揭晚盖增加光照般拱棚搭架引蔓前拆4月旬揭掉棚边膜顶膜直保留采收结束 3、应用激素保花保始花期用保灵100倍液喷花保提高前期产量 五、病虫害防治 主要病害霜霉病、疫病枯萎病、白粉病要实行水旱轮作撒施石灰等农业措施防止病害发特别注意霜霉病提早防治般棚黄瓜3月、旬始发清明气温升20—24℃迅速流行曼延所3月旬始每隔5—7用25%菌灵或70%安泰或58%瑞毒霉500倍液喷雾；霜霉病病斑现用治疗性药剂72%克露750倍液或69%安克600倍液防治阴雨气用45%百菌清烟熏剂每亩0.2公斤傍晚关闭棚熏第二早晨通风与喷药轮换使用虫害主要蚜虫用康福7000倍液或遍净2500倍液防治 早春棚黄瓜种植技术 早春棚黄瓜些菜区由于种植面积、连重茬使黄瓜枯萎病、疫病发给棚黄瓜产构威胁我通黄瓜嫁接育苗、 炉火临加温等措施综合配套应用效解决土传病害问题 提高种植黄瓜经济效益 1.选用保护黄瓜品种 山东密刺、新泰密刺、津春3号3 品种抗低温耐高温、瓜码密非适合早春棚种植 2.嫁接育苗 黄瓜播种间1月旬历苗龄50左右理苗龄5、6叶1砧木黑籽南瓜接穗比砧木早播3播种前砧木与接穗种均需经温烫处理 经催芽播种炉灰加珍珠岩或用热水浸泡锯末加些营养土木箱或塑料盘内嫁接腹切接 其优点黄瓜苗均嫁接温室内扣拱棚并盖草苫遮光管理 3.乙烯利处理苗及移苗 黄瓜嫁接苗2叶1及喷150～ 200ppm乙烯利目增加雌花数嫁接苗获前期产量关键幼苗 3叶1及移苗划十字土块移塑料营养钵 移苗前低温锻炼苗移苗白27～29℃夜间15～18℃缓苗降温管理定植前7夜温逐渐降7～8℃锻炼苗 4.定植定植间3月初 使温升棚内冬前浇水提前30 扣棚烤、整作畦每667平米施鸡粪4000～5000公斤沟施二铵50公斤并距顶膜40厘米顺棚柱拉二膜支架吊二膜间2月旬15厘米处深土壤温度稳定12℃定植行距60厘米株距33厘米每667平米保苗3500～3800株定植按畦形扣拱棚用膜进行三膜覆盖 晚及点燃装烟道土炉置于棚央棚外四周用草苫围盖 5.棚管理 (1)温度管理：黄瓜嫁接苗缓苗期间拱棚内保持28～32℃白达35℃及掀拱棚膜晚盖定植10 掉嫁接夹拱棚膜午适打二膜白保持棚温28℃外界夜间低温度5℃掉二膜进入规管理(2)水肥管理：般根瓜坐住浇第二水腰瓜水肥齐攻稀粪化肥交替使用(粪稀—清水—化肥)黄瓜全育期共追施粪稀3～4约3～4尿素100公斤 棚黄瓜种植易现问题 、畸形瓜 包括弯曲瓜、尖嘴瓜、肚瓜、蜂腰瓜等 1.弯曲瓜 现原育苗阶段温度、湿度适或营养供应足造房发育良自发育弯曲瓜；黄瓜肥田间管理易形弯曲瓜避免述情况较办育苗期黄瓜花芽化创造良环境条件同瓜条膨期加强肥水管理 2. 尖嘴瓜 造原受精良二棚内连续高温棚内温度超30摄氏度需要及通风防止高温现始坐瓜应加强肥水管理保持土壤湿润培育健壮植株 3.肚瓜 现原受精良二土壤缺锌要选用单性结实性强品种作棚主栽品种基础结合整施用硫酸锌做底肥 二、花打顶现象 其原定植缓苗没能较促根控株追肥灌水早由于温降根系减弱营养跟造花打顶遇述现象应提早采收瓜并疏除部雌花晴浇水并追施氮肥 三、叶片发黄 由于养供应足造黄瓜需肥较植物光底肥要充足结瓜期要加强追肥才能保证丰产 黄瓜霜霉病种毁灭性病害般采取喷施农药化防治据试验采取公害防治措施收良效且能减少支提高品质主要措施： 1 高温闷棚选择晴午棚密闭使棚内温度迅速升至45度保持2放风降温般闷棚1使病情控制10注意实施高温闷棚前要浇足水 2 升温降湿提高棚内温降低棚内湿度利于黄瓜且能效抑制霜霉发：午通密封棚使棚温度升至30-32度午再通放风使温度降至20-22度棚内湿度降60%-70%另外采用膜稻（麦）草炉灰等全部或部覆盖提高棚内温降低棚内温度 3．叶面喷肥棚黄瓜期间合理喷施叶面肥补充营养迅速效向植株提供所需营养促使黄瓜健壮提高抗病能力般每隔10左右喷施1每每亩喷氮磷钾硼混合溶液50公斤溶液配制每50公斤水加尿素50克、磷酸二氢钾100克硼砂100克硼配液前要先用少量热水溶化 4 喷施糖液 扰研究霜霉病发轻重与黄瓜体内糖氮比值关系黄瓜期间喷施1%白糖1%尿素混合溶液防病效达80%般喷施5-8
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