推荐回答(1个)
皮皮虾不能变成淡水养殖性。
皮皮虾多穴居,属于海生,常在浅海沙底或泥沙底掘穴,穴多为“U”字形。口足类动物为肉食性,多捕食小型无脊椎动物。
养殖方法
选运
可选择人工养殖或自然海区已交配的雌口皮皮虾。为了保证质量,提高抱卵量,宜选择体长在11厘米以上、体重在30克以上的。另外收购皮皮虾时,要注意皮皮虾离水时间要短,性腺发育程度较好,身体健壮,附肢齐全,无伤痕,活力强,体色鲜艳,对外来刺激反应敏感。皮皮虾收购后应尽快运至育苗厂,放入池中暂养培育。运输方式有活水船运输、尼龙袋充氧运输,干法保湿运输和帆布桶带水运输等。首先经200×10⁻⁶的甲醛药浴3分钟后,选附肢齐全、活泼的放入事先消毒处理过的水泥池(9米×4米×1.2米),加入经过滤的清新海水,充气,使其恢复活力并暂养。暂养池中的水温前1~3天以比海区高1~2℃为宜,如果水温提升太快太高,容易使皮皮虾早产或流产。以后以0.5~1.0℃/天速度升温至21~22℃的条件下暂养20~30天,投喂少量新鲜的沙蚕、小虾、杂色蛤肉等,使性腺进一步育肥。虽然口虾站在生殖季节雌体基本停止摄食,几乎胃都是空的,但当温度22℃性腺系数多达14%以上时,产出的卵团中的卵粒清晰,基本上呈团形,即为成熟卵。
管理
皮皮虾培育是指将已经过交配、卵巢已发育成熟的雌性口皮皮虾,或是卵巢虽发育但不成熟的雌性口皮皮虾,放入专门的培育池中饲养,使其性腺成熟、产卵、抱卵孵化,直至假蚤状幼体孵出的培育过程。其促熟培育与抱卵孵化在培育池中进行,培育池具有口皮皮虾适合的环境条件,因而促熟效果好,抱卵率高,孵化率也高。皮皮虾培育的目的是使口皮皮虾卵巢发育基本同步,产卵、幼体排放整齐,能得到数量较大的假蚤状幼体,形成一定的生产规模。培育池有2种,一种是室内池,只一种是室外池。室内池一般为水泥池,室外池为土池。皮皮虾培育应特别注意水质管理、饵料管理和日常管理。
1.水质管理
水体保持溶氧在5ml/L以上,日换水1/4~1/3,透明度在30~50厘米。皮皮虾属变温性凶猛的甲壳动物,其生长发育和生命活动直接受环境水温的影响。其生活区域的水温大致在6~31℃,最适温度在20~27℃,属于广温性种类。实验室条件下,把皮皮虾从17℃直接移入5℃的海水中,身体马上弓起,慢慢伸直后昏迷。把它移入33℃的海水中,皮皮虾先是上下窜起,接着侧倒在底部,只有游泳肢能摆动,3分钟后昏迷。因而认为它的耐温范围在5~33℃。水温惭变的情况下,耐温范围会增大。皮皮虾培育时,应特别注意温差,一般来说,培育时,水温控制在20~30℃。水温是皮皮虾性腺发育的抑制因素,在适温范围内,水温愈高发育愈快。若夏天气温太高,可增加水位,防止水温太高而影响皮皮虾的抱卵、孵幼,甚至引起死亡。在水温25~30℃下,卵从受精至孵出幼体,需7~15天。
2.饵料管理
皮皮虾对鱼、虾、贝均能摄食,但以鲜活的小型贝类为佳,可避免污染水质。饵料以小块为好,要均匀散投,以便摄食,井提高饵料食用半及减少因抢食而相互残杀。根据皮皮虾昼伏夜出的特点,每日傍晚投饵1次即可,投饵量为皮皮虾重量的5%~20%,并随皮皮虾的抱卵情况、水温高低、天气情况、饵料种类与质量状况等适当增减。培育前期,可适当增加投饵量,以供性腺发育充足的营养需求。皮皮虾抱卵时钻穴,并基本不摄食,故估计大多数皮皮虾抱卵时,宜减少投饵量。另外,皮皮虾孵幼后,转入生长,摄食量大增,还干扰其它抱卵皮皮虾,因而最好用地笼网等诱捕出池。
3.日常管理
培育期间,巡塘是必需的工作,检查进排水情况、皮皮虾活动和摄食情况、水质情况,尤其是幼体排放情况。一旦发现皮皮虾排放出假蚤状幼体,即集幼体入育苗池进行育苗。
出苗:
养殖户对仔皮皮虾与Ⅲ相的后期幼体都能接受,但喜欢仔皮皮虾。因而,育苗池中仔皮皮虾比例在50%以上,就可出苗。另外,对黑斑口皮皮虾Ⅲ相假蚤状幼体及仔虾蛄的盐度适应性试验表明,其适宜的养殖水体盐度为8‰~33‰ 因而,出苗前必须根据养殖场的盐度与育苗场的盐度差异进行盐度调节逐步驯化,以提高放养成活率。
幼体出池
对虾类一般以仔虾变齐4天后才能出苗,但对不同种的虾的出苗规格有不同的要求,如中国对虾体长为0.7厘米以上,长毛对虾的体长也要在0.7厘米以上,刀额新对虾应为0.5厘米以上,而斑节对虾则要在1.5厘米以上。由于蟹类的群众性中间暂养水平差异,在出苗规格上差异很大。如河蟹的出苗规格一般以大眼幼体变齐3~4天后出苗,而锯缘青蟹要在第2~5期幼蟹才能出苗。
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