【请教】什么是“静坐战”?为什么第二次世界大战会发生“静坐战”的?
推荐回答(3个)
当时,德军突袭波兰,英法对德宣战,第二次世界大战爆发。但大战开始时,英法实行祸水东引政策,双方发生静坐战或称奇怪的战争。
按说波德战争爆发之后,作为盟国的英、法两国应该履行诺言从战场上进行支援,可是,无论英国还是法国都仅仅是政治口头上对德宣战,在绥靖政策的方针下不敢多走半步。就在战争爆发当天上午,波兰政府将德国入侵波兰一事正式通知英国政府,请求其根据英、波间的条约向波兰提供援助。
下午,十万火急的波兰向英、法再度提出,希望英法派飞机轰炸德国的空军基地和西部工业区,以便牵制德国空军,使其腹背受敌。但是,接连几天,波兰政府的种种援助请求尤其是武器、弹药等,均未得到满足。在国际舆论的压力下,英法联军被迫在开战第三天即9月3日才正式对德宣战。总共有115个师的兵力集结在西线,而德军只不过25个师,在兵力、武器的数量上英法联军具有压倒性的优势。
可是,宣战后的英、法百万大军千呼万唤不出来,西线一片寂静,出现世界战争史上交战双方长达8个月之久的宣而不战、不战不和的战争奇观,人们称之为“奇怪的战争”。1939年9月3日至1940年5月9日期间,在西线的英法联军始终没有接到进攻命令,他们静坐在钢筋水泥构筑的工事背后,毫无目的、茫然地消磨着漫长而又难熬的“战争”时光。
为了消除部队的厌烦情绪以防止军心涣散,法国最高统帅部在前方军营建立了军人俱乐部,派遣慰问团慰问;他们甚至购买了一万多个足球送上前线,以消耗战士们过分充沛的精力和体力。毫无疑问,波兰成为英、法两国政治利益下的牺牲品。在战场上,机会稍纵即逝,英、法“宣而不战”,他们很快便尝到了这场“奇怪的战争”的恶果。
英法联军不仅丧失了最有利的战机,涣散了战斗士气,而且陷入了被动挨打的境地。很快,德军剑指法国,绥靖政策彻底宣告失败。
静坐战就是1939年9月德国入侵波兰,法国虽然和波兰签订了同盟条约,但是只是在边境地区投入了一定的兵力,并没有开展实质性的军事行动。
静坐战实际上是英法绥靖主义的成果。在第一次世界大战期间,英法损失掺重,特别是人力资源上几乎是无法挽回的损失。而一战之后共产主义苏联强势崛起,之后希特勒政权上台,英法希望这两个掐起来。为了保证东欧的利益,法国和波兰签订了盟约,但是法国没有真正的想要帮助波兰抵御入侵,甚至想着让德国以波兰为跳板入侵苏联,结果算盘打得精,但最后损失最大的却是自己。
二战刚开始的时候,英法联军和德军在法德边境对峙,虽然双方已经宣战,但是都没有实际的交战行为,因此被称为“静坐战争”。
静坐战争的原因是因为英法都希望德军首先在东线和苏联交战,英法和德国有这个默契,所以才会发生静坐战争。
此后英法联军为之付出了代价,德军以闪电战的形势迅速击败联军、逼降法国,几乎全歼英法联军,拜敦刻尔克大撤退,英军主力才得以逃生。
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