推荐回答(3个)
“威士忌”级(Whisky)常规潜艇为蘇联中海作战潜艇,建造於1950-1957年,也是现役常规潜艇数量最多的一型,共44艘。由於出售、拆除武器和退役,该级艇数量正在减少。W级潜艇代表了蘇联五十年代初的成熟技术,W级艇体为全焊接结构,水上排水量1000吨,水下排水量1350吨,艇长76米,艇宽6.5米,两台37D型柴油机。水面航速18节,水下航速14节。
设4具533毫米艇首鱼雷发射管和2具533毫米艇尾鱼雷发射管。该级潜艇可携带12枚53型鱼雷,或24枚水雷。电子设备主要是停车灯电子对抗设备、魔扳雷达,塔米尔声纳。
早期,为了对付美国以航空母舰为中心的水面舰艇编队,蘇联很重视巡航飞弹潜艇的建造。在美国宣布停止巡航飞弹装艇研究的同时,蘇联却加紧了这方面的研制核试验工作。这期间,蘇联对W级潜艇进行了较多型的改装设计,可以分为攻击艇、飞弹艇、研究艇和雷达哨艇。研究艇拆除了鱼雷发射管及其它装置,作为水下科研活动使用,共2艘;飞弹艇又分为W单筒(最早改建的巡航飞弹潜艇,能发射一枚“冥河”飞弹)、W双筒(能发射两枚“沙道克”飞弹)、W长箱(能发射四枚“沙道克”飞弹)等型号,共12艘;攻击艇可以分为5型(W-Ⅰ型、W-Ⅱ型、W-Ⅲ型、W-Ⅳ型、W-Ⅴ型),目前服役的都是W-Ⅴ型;WCB是装有大量雷达设备的雷达哨艇,为1963-1964年间进行改建的,主要为“沙道克”飞弹进行中继制导而用,改建8艘。
由於,这批常规动力巡航飞弹潜艇,从建造目的上看,是迫於形势要求和军事要求,进行探索和试验性质的;从技术上看,采用水面发射的方式。破坏了隐蔽性,所采用的舰用“沙道克”飞弹,尺寸大,射程远,需要靠别的舰艇或飞机进行中继制导等等,还不是完善的潜用巡航飞弹;从使用观点上讲,当时的常规动力飞弹潜艇虽能主动向敌水面舰艇编队发动攻击,但是其主要目的还是掩护攻击型潜艇进行破交活动,因而从战略上讲还是防御性的。从上面三个方面分析,蘇联当时的常规动力飞弹潜艇不是潜艇部队的主力,带有很大的过渡性质。随著飞弹制导技术和潜射反舰飞弹、反潜飞弹的发展这些常规动力巡航飞弹潜艇陆续退役或改为鱼雷攻击潜艇。
现在W级潜艇处在蘇联各个国家服役外,还在中共,朝鲜,埃及等国。W级是中共仿造的第一种蘇联潜艇,代号03型。1953年,中共与蘇联签订第一个海军技术援助协定,规定蘇联向中共转让W级常规动力鱼雷潜艇的制造权,提供成套器材设备和图纸资料,并派专家到中共指导建造。1955年和1956年,上海江南造船厂和湖北武昌造船厂分别开工装配建造。1956年第一艘潜艇下水,1957年交付海军服役。到1962年,两个造船厂前後共生为了21艘W级潜艇。中共的W级水面排水量1030吨,水下排水量1350吨,装有柴油机和电动机各两台,航速水面17节,水下15节,配备有533毫米鱼雷发射管6具,25毫米双管高炮两门。此外,还装有柴油机水下通气管装置,以及水声和导航等观察通讯设备。W级潜艇是中共海军大量装备的第一批潜艇,大部分现已退役,但仍有5艘在预备役,主要作训练用。
AK47,苏27,伊尔28,图16B,安12B……
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