推荐回答(1个)
洛可可风格的服装“洛可可”一词源自法国字汇“Rocaille”,由此演变而来,其意思是指岩状的装饰,基本是一种强调C型的漩涡状花纹及反曲线的装饰风格。这种风格源自1715年法国路易十四过世之后,所产生的一种艺术上的反叛。洛可可艺术风格与巴洛克艺术风格最显著的差别就是,洛可可艺术更趋向一种精制而幽雅,具装饰性的特色。这种特色当然影响到当时的服装,甚至以"洛可可"一词代表法国大革命之前18世纪的服装款式。洛可可风格作为一种服装风格,主要特点是精致到极点的优雅。所谓"极点",就是妇女将自己服装的每一个细节都精致化,以便男性观赏。换句话说,人体的每一个部位都分解成可供观赏的元素。那是一个肉体享乐的时代(与我国的明末时期有点类似),最有品味的女性穿着是"既暴露又优雅"。蕾丝——是18世纪洛可可风格的宫廷女装和沙龙女装中的典型装饰,是当时的时装中必不可少的要素。它曾经出现在蓬皮杜夫人长裙的V型领口和袖口。艺术上的洛可可时代,是一个女性的时代,弥漫着一种柔性文化的因素。当时的社会有两个中心,一个是以皇帝为中心的宫廷,另一个是以贵妇为中心的沙龙。沙龙实际上就是当时的时装天桥。蕾丝——充当了优雅风格的点缀,出现在袒露的胸口和手臂等处。于是,越是禁止暴露的地方越暴露,有暴露的地方就有蕾丝。蕾丝实际上起到了一种"犹抱琵琶半遮面"的勾引作用,那时候称为"媚",与洛可可艺术风格的"媚"相配套。洛可可蕾丝,试图以古典主义的优雅形式,来表达色情和肉欲的享乐欲望,使之适应高雅沙龙的氛围。这是君主专制时代,宫廷里那些游手好闲之徒和伪淑女的一个合谋。在欧洲时装文化史中,洛可可风格,将色情的艺术化推到了巅峰,蕾丝就是一个主要合作伙伴。它因此为平民社会的女性所不齿。在19世纪的新古典主义和浪漫主义服装中,蕾丝似乎有点改邪归正的意思,它抛弃了洛可可时代的色情成分,成了理想和浪漫的象征。19世纪的淑女,无论在有产阶级妇女还是无产的妇女那里,蕾丝花边都是一种良家妇女式的纯洁、温柔和美好的象征。但它只不过是对"洛可可蕾丝"的绅士般的忽略,同时也有对女性社会角色的委婉认可。衡量服装进步性的唯一标准是:对身体的自然本性的尊重,对人体完整性的尊重,对肉体自由舒展的尊重。就此而言,蕾丝服装有它文化上的进步意义。如果不考虑时尚的商业属性,我们甚至可以说它是一种新的自由的象征。在服饰史上,有两个与"蕾丝"相关的著名人物,一个是当代大众宠物麦当娜,另一个是18世纪的欧洲沙龙女王、法国国王路易十五的情妇蓬皮杜夫人。2001年4月的一次拍卖会上,麦当娜的一件黑色蕾丝胸罩,以2万美元的高价被人抢走。蕾丝刺激了人们对麦当娜身体的窥视和形象的崇拜,同时,麦当娜也改写了蕾丝的历史:蕾丝作为女性服装的点缀物和边角料,突然坐到了服饰舞台的中央。当代的蕾丝服装时尚,将洛可可蕾丝那"优雅"的面膜撕了,也就是将洛可可服装的内在矛盾(色情欲望与古典风格地矛盾)公诸于众。在2002春夏时装展的天桥上,我们可以看到迪奥(Dior)"堕落贵妇"风格的黑色和金色蕾丝装,夏奈尔(Chanel)貌似纯洁的白色蕾丝长裤、阿玛尼(Armani)的红色窗花图案蕾丝裙、塞琳(Celine)的肉色蕾丝长裤……,当代时装大胆而直接地让蕾丝为身体的自由服务,没有半点遮掩和含糊。为了女性身体的自由,当代的蕾丝时尚,征用了服装史上的一个古老元素(洛可可蕾丝),并且同时将这个古老元素夹带的身分等级制抛弃了。它不再是宫廷贵妇的点缀,而属于街道上所有的女性。
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