助动词有哪些?

2025-02-27 15:30:58
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

  • 01

    助动词又叫辅助动词,它不能单独作谓语,需要跟主要动词一起构成谓语。在英语中常见的助动词有do、does、did、have、has、would、should、will、be、shall等,汉语中助动词有应该、能、会、可能、能够、要等。

    协助主要动词构成谓语的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb),也叫辅助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。助动词用来构成时态和语态。 助动词具有语法意义,但除情态助动词外没有词汇意义,不可单独作谓语。在英语中常见的助动词有do、does、did、have、has、would、should、will、be、shall等,汉语中助动词有应该、能、会、可能、能够、要等。助动词可以协助主要动词构成时态或者语态,也可构成疑问句和否定句,构成否定句时与否定副词not连用。

    在英语中,助动词没有词汇意义、但是有语法意义。比如,工dor't like eat apple.do是没有词汇意义的助动词,它和主要动词like一起构成谓语,但是do不能单独作谓语。

    助动词大体上可以划分为三类,一是半助动词,它介于助动词和—般动词之间,主要有be to, be about to, be due to, be going to, be likely to, be meant to,be obliged to, be supposed to, be willing to, have to, seem to,be unable to, be unwilling to. 等;

    二是情态助动词,这类词后接动词原形,而且主语人称和数的变化对情态助动词没有影响,如Heneedsome help.这里不会因为主语是第三人称的缘故就把need变成needs,同时help为原形即可。情态助动词有must、need、dare、will(would)、may(might)、shall(should)、can(could)、usedto、oughtto、hadbetter等;

    三是基本助动词,分别是be、do、have以及它们的变形格式。比如,I have finish the homework.助动词只是辅助动词共同构成谓语的,本身没有实际含义。

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