推荐回答(1个)
1.幼犬出生后第几天断奶?
幼犬的断奶期一般以出生后2个月为原则,但这不是说必须整整哺乳两个月,实际上也很少有母犬哺乳满两个月的。通常在生产后30天至第40天左右的时候,母犬就会渐渐厌烦喂乳,此时母乳的分泌会急速减少,尤其在一胎幼犬数量较多时更会加剧母犬的厌烦。
母犬的乳房通常是左右各五个,一共十个,少数只有八个或少于八个的。靠后的几个乳房分泌量较多,因此应该适度施以人工干涉,让幼犬交换吸吮各个乳房,以保证每一只吸乳量平均,发育较差的犬应多吸食分泌量较大的乳房。幼犬进入第二个月就可以开始做断奶准备。渐渐减少喂奶次数,增加辅食比例,到第45天时就可以完全断奶,但可以让幼犬继续与母犬共同生活至第三个月。
2.断奶的要领
断奶期计划定在出生后第二个月,过渡期间要做得自然,因为食物突然变化对幼犬是很危险的,很可能会导致消化不良、食欲不振。由母乳转变为普通食物的过程应循序渐进,不要让幼犬有异常感觉,在其不知不觉中完成转换是最理想的。
在出生后三星期内的养育可以完全交给母犬,不需要任何人工干涉(有的繁殖者在第二周就开始喂辅食),但前提是要母犬身体健康,分泌正常,且同胎幼犬数量在7只以下。在完全由母犬自行喂养的头三周内,应给母犬喂食营养丰富的食物,如新鲜肉、蛋黄等,一天最少三次,并经常供应牛奶、清水,以促进分泌;进入第三周后,可以开始用搅碎了的食物代替母乳,给幼犬喂食碎牛肉或含量低的鱼肉,每只犬每次喂一小勺,一天三次;从第四周开始增至一天四次,另加些牛奶和蒸软的蔬菜作为辅助性食物,此时便可以开始准备断奶;第五周开始,每天喂食5-6次,分量依次稍稍递增,食物中添加一些鱼肝油、钙粉和维生素剂。现在市面上出售的狗罐头、湿狗粮营养平均,可每天喂两三次,每次不要超过一勺。如果只有干狗粮,应该先用温水泡一泡,然后等到干粮被泡软了再给幼犬吃。让幼犬学吃固体食物时,母犬也应该在场。
一天六次的喂食时间分别为7点、10点、13点、16点、19点和22点,夜间喂食营养成分较高的食物可促进犬的发育。幼犬食物中必须含有肉类,并保持占全部食物的三分之一以上的比例。吃剩的残食必须拿走,不可留在犬舍里,喂食的时间也须严格遵守。
3.食具及喂食的注意事项
食具应选择耐热、耐磨损、已消毒的金属制品,幼犬最好使用较重、底部宽大、不易翻倒的食具。应给每只幼犬配备单独使用的食具,并将其固定在与幼犬颈部同样高的地方,让幼犬进食时不必太费力。如果把食具放在地上或低处,幼犬在进食时必然要低头,重心前移至前肢上,这种不自然的姿势容易引发前肢弯曲。
4.最理想的幼犬食物
碎肉和鱼肉(较少的)是幼犬不可欠缺的食物,其次是牛奶、蛋、青菜、面、饭、骨粉、各种维生素、肝油、牛和猪的内脏、鸡鸭头等,磨碎的胡萝卜营养价值很高且价格便宜,拌上蜂蜜便是绝好的幼犬狗粮。为了让幼犬牙齿强健、咬嚼正常,应让它经常咬牛骨头。此外,新鲜清洁的饮水也是绝对必须的。
5.狗粮与人的食物有何分别?
人类是杂食的,犬则是完全肉食的动物。犬类的肠胃、牙齿的构造先天就是适合肉食,可以说是生理上的需要,肉类不限定是牛肉,鱼肉、羊肉、猪肉、马肉都可以。总之幼犬的食物中必须有三分之一以上为肉类。
6.幼犬是否必须喂以营养剂或钙粉?
平常的食物如果营养搭配合理,则没有另外添加的必要了,因为这些营养元素最好不要从制品中摄取,而应该从自然食物中获得,因此,蜂蜜和生牛奶是最有利用价值的营养食物。
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