在刑法里,什么时候应该择一重罪论处?什么时候应该数罪并罚?

2025-03-01 14:03:55
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

处断的一罪,即本来是数个犯罪行为、符合数罪特征,但鉴于其数个行为之间存在的密切关联,刑法理论上和司法实践中将其作为一罪来处理。这是法定的牵连犯的处理原则。ps:连续犯也适用该原则。呵呵,先回答你第一个问题,因为是规定所以不用想是为什么,记得就行了。
第二个问题是难点,因为是原则中的例外,需用数罪并罚,目的是为了从重打击该类犯罪。下面附上十个很重要的例外(如果司考一定要记忆的):

基于刑事政策从重打击而并罚的有:
(1)有组织犯罪:组织、领导、参加恐怖组织,并利用该组织实施杀人、爆炸、绑架等犯罪的(前者可谓原因行为,后者可谓结果行为),以组织、领导、参加恐怖组织罪与该具体的故意杀人、爆炸、绑架等罪实行并罚(见120条第2款);组织、领导、参加黑社会性质组织、或者入境发展黑社会组织,并利用该组织而犯其他罪行的,实行并罚(见294条第3款)。
(2) 公职犯罪:挪用公款进行非法活动构成其他犯罪的,或者因挪用公款而索取、收受贿赂构成犯罪的,实行并罚(高法1998年4月6日《关于审理挪用公款案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》第7条)。
(3)偷越国边境的犯罪:组织他人偷越国边境,并对被组织人有杀害、伤害、强奸、拐卖等犯罪行为的,或对检查人员有杀害、伤害等罪行的,实行并罚(见318条第2款);运送他人偷越国边境,并对被运送人有杀害、伤害、强奸、拐卖等犯罪行为的,或对检查人员有杀害、伤害等罪行的,实行并罚(321条第3款);
基于罪刑相适应而并罚:
(1)实施第140至148条的生产、销售伪劣商品以及假药等特定的伪劣产品犯罪行为,同时又以暴力、威胁方法抗拒查处的,实行数罪并罚。
(2)走私犯罪并以暴力、威胁的方法抗拒缉私的,以具体的走私犯罪如走私普通货物、物品罪、走私珍贵文物罪与妨害公务罪实行并罚(见157条第2款),但要注意第157条第2款所规定的走私犯罪是不包括走私毒品罪在内的,因为根据第347条规定,在走私毒品的犯罪过程中以暴力抗拒检查、拘留、逮捕,情节严重的,直接以走私毒品罪的加重情形对待,即属于包容犯问题,而不实行并罚。
(3)保险诈骗行为与故意造成财产损毁、被保险人死亡、残疾或疾病等保险事故的行为(见198条第2款,行为人为了骗取保险金(目的行为),采取故意制造保险事故的方法如故意造成财产损毁、被保险人死亡、残疾或疾病等行为(方法行为),而该故意制造保险事故的行为本身又触犯其他罪名如放火罪、故意伤害罪、故意杀人罪等的情形下,应以保险诈骗罪与该具体之罪实行并罚);
基于刑罚预防目的而特殊规定:
收买被拐买的妇女儿童之后又非法剥夺限制人身自由、伤害、强奸、侮辱行为的(见241条第4款,行为人在实施收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童的犯罪活动过程之中或其后,又常常伴随的其他犯罪行为,如强行与被收买的妇女发生性关系,对被收买的妇女、儿童,非法剥夺、限制其人身自由或者有伤害、侮辱行为的,根据本条第2款、第3款、第4款的规定,适用数罪并罚,即以强奸罪、非法拘禁罪、故意伤害罪、侮辱罪与收买被拐卖的妇女儿童罪实行数罪并罚);
特殊例外:
为实施其他犯罪(盗窃罪之外)而偷开机动车辆作为犯罪工具并将机动车辆据为己有或丢失的,以盗窃罪与所实施的其他犯罪实行并罚(见最高法院1997年11月4日《关于审理盗窃案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》第12条)。

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