如何完善化工企业防爆措施

2025-03-12 23:17:23
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

从以下5点来加强化工企业防爆措施:
1)仓储结构设计方面的防爆措施
在设计筒仓车间时,要考虑粉尘爆炸问题,尽量使筒仓道线远离办公区和生活区,距离不小于30m,在小于150m的工作间,工作人员不超过10人,可设二个安全出口,疏散梯道宽不小于1.1m,走廊宽不小于1.4m,疏散门宽不小于0.9m,每个仓顶应设独立的人孔和空气置换装置,不能相互连通,主要产尘车间应设泄爆装置,人孔不小于800×800mm。
(2)从生产工艺流程设备电气的选型和布设采取的主要防爆措施
原则是工艺设计合理,选型正确,正常维修,遵守操作规程,控制和消除火源,防止磨擦发热、撞击打火,消除引火、引爆部位,简化工艺流程,避免多次提升,采用防爆式斗提机,设备要有可靠的接地,设有自动报警、自动停车等保护装置,设计制造储运设备时应考虑可拆卸或便于维修。同时要考虑便于通风除尘和防爆系统正常工作。从生产设备上要选择符合国家电气法要求的电器,有防尘防爆性能的设备,降低提升机和其他输送机的线速度,减少粮食破损,在原粮输送机上安装永久性磁铁,清除粮中的金属物。
(3)减少产、扬尘点,控制环境粉尘浓度
对于储运生产过程中产尘或扬尘岗位,应减少产尘和扬尘点,控制粉尘扩散,降低周围空间的粉尘浓度,使粉尘浓度不超过10mg/m,我们控制了粉尘浓度远于爆炸极限之外,自然也就控制住粉尘爆炸的发生。
(4)除尘和产尘设备的防爆措施
对于产尘或除尘系统内,应侧重于消除引火点,提高风速,或分级削减粉尘浓度。
在这里应强调的是,有些人常认为有了通风除尘系统,就可以消除粉尘爆炸的危害。这是错误的,因通风除尘仅能改变环境粉尘浓度,而把粉尘爆炸的危害性转移到除尘系统内,所以,除尘系统内却常是形成粉尘爆炸的危险源,如不在除尘系统内采了有效的防爆技术措施,仅靠通风除尘是难于防止粉尘爆炸。这是国内外粉尘爆炸事故现场证明的一点。因在除尘系统内粉尘浓度基本都在爆炸极限内,又是一个较封闭的空间,各种撞击、磨擦、静电、明火、阴燃等引火几率高。
在这种条件和环境中,改变粉尘浓度是不客观、也不经济的,我们只能提高运行风速,负压工作,采用防爆风机和防爆电机,消除引火点,在系统内采用阻燃和防静电材料,设有良好的接地,设有泄爆和清扫口,并设有压力、温度等险情预报和监控系统,当系统内出现险情时将自动停止主机工作,各防爆抑爆系统自动工作,生产设备启动前10分钟启动除尘系统,生产设备停止工作10分钟后再停止除尘系统工作
(5)清除积尘防止爆炸
防止产尘车间其它部位发生粉尘爆炸主要应加强车间的清扫,消除设备和环境积尘。清除方式最好采取负压吸附式清扫法,这可避免粉尘“搬家”,或有死角清扫不到。不宜用喷淋等湿法清扫,因可燃粉尘在一定温度下,易产生可燃气体,挥发在空间。
对积尘的危害不能低估,因它是爆炸最重要最危险的尘源,对于粉尘爆炸积尘状态比悬浮更危险,其爆炸压力上升速度最大,造成的破坏力也最大。
所以有效消除积尘是防止粉尘爆炸的主要措施之一。

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